No.

Titles / Authors /Abstracts

Full Text

No.

1

Bearing Capacity of Soft Clay Soil Improved By Sand Bed Over Geosynthetic Encased Stone Columns, Case of Study

Ahmed Abdelaziz Megally¹, Ebraheem H. Ramadan², Mostafa A. Abdel-Naiem² and Abdel-Aziz A. Senoon²

¹Assistant Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt

E-mail: aabdelaziz122@gmail.com 

 ²Professors, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Egypt

ABSTRACT: One of the biggest challenges faced by geotechnical engineers is the construction on soft clay soil. It is being one of the most erratic soils with very low bearing capacity and high compressibility. Many techniques, such as stone columns and geosynthetic reinforced sand bed, are effective means of performance improvement of foundations on soft clay soil. Although their individual applications have been studied extensively, the combined application of both has limited studies. Stone columns develop their load carrying capacity from the circumferential confinement provided by the surrounding soils. In very soft soils, an important problem which should be taken into account for designing stone column is bulging as the circumferential confinement offered by the surrounding soft soil may not be sufficient to develop the required load carrying capacity. Hence a confinement by geosynthetics would yield a better result and prevents squeezing of stones into the surrounding clay. The load carrying capacity is further increased and settlement is decreased with the addition of a sand bed over the stone columns, also this layer of sand is used to let the foundation distribute its load uniformly. In the current research, a series of numerical model tests for a case of study on an unreinforced sand bed (USB) and a geogrid reinforced sand bed (GRSB) placed over a vertically encased stone column (ESC) floating in soft clay. Soil samples were taken form Oncology Hospital 2020 site at Assiut University, Assiut City, Egypt and a laboratory tests were conducted at the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Laboratory on triaxial device and some other devices. Three dimensional finite difference numerical models were performed using a finite difference package FLAC3D. For all different improvement cases, the results indicate that the bearing capacity ratio, BCR, increases to reach 1.83, 2.58, 3.59 and 8.07 fold, as compared to unimproved clay bed, for the cases of ordinary stone column (OSC), (ESC), (USB+ESC) and (GRSB+ESC) respectively.

[Ahmed Abdelaziz Megally, Ebraheem H. Ramadan, Mostafa A. Abdel-Naiem and Abdel-Aziz A. Senoon. Bearing Capacity of Soft Clay Soil Improved By Sand Bed Over Geosynthetic Encased Stone Columns, Case of Study. World Rural Observ 2025;17(2):1-14]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro170225.01

Keywords: Soft clay; Ground improvement; Stone column; Geosynthetic; Sand Bed.

Full Text

1

2

Biological Assessment of the Mayo Kaliao River, an Ephemeral Stream in Sudano-Sahelian Zone (Far North, Cameroon)

Madomguia D.^1,2*, Zébazé Togouet S.H.², Fomena A.²

¹Departement of Hydraulics and Water Management, National Advanced School of Engineering, P.O. Box, 46 University of Maroua, Cameroon. ²Laboratory of General Biology, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box, 812, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

*Corresponding author: madomguia@yahoo.fr

Abstract: _The biological assessment of the Mayo Kaliao River was carried out from 2013 to 2014 using macroinvertebrates. The bioevaluation attributes were FFGs, P/R index, Channel Stability, Temperature, HBI, percentage of tolerant taxa and percentage of intolerant taxa to organic pollution. Channel stability revealed that, from the beginning of water flow until its drying up, the substrates are unstable. This instability is marginal and sub-adequate. The permanently high temperature promoted rapid degradation of organic matter and the hydrology enable a constant resuspension. The watercourse is strongly heterotrophic (P/R index varied from 0.33 to 0.43). This heterotrophy favored the domination of tolerant taxa to organic pollution and collectors-gatherers which feed on FPOM in suspension. The contrast observed during this study showed the necessity to reevaluate the degree of tolerance to organic matter in sudano-sahelian zone, their trophic levels, their food resource and their mode of food acquisition.

[Madomguia D., Zébazé Togouet S.H., Fomena A. Biological Assessment of the Mayo Kaliao River, an Ephemeral Stream in Sudano-Sahelian Zone (Far North, Cameroon). World Rural Observ 2025;17(2):15-24]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro170225.02

Key words: macroinvertebrates; functional feeding group; Mayo Kaliao River; sudano-sahelian zone; biological assessment

Full Text

2

3

How is Ecological Forecasting used ?

Gangadhar

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: Ecological forecasting uses knowledge of physics, ecology, and physiology to predict how ecological populations, communities, or ecosystems will change in the future in response to environmental factors such as climate change. The goal of the approach is to provide natural resource managers with information to anticipate and respond to short and long-term climate conditions. Changing climate conditions present ecologists with the challenge to predicting where, when and with what magnitude changes are likely to occur so that we can mitigate or at least prepare for them. Ecological forecasting applies existing knowledge of ecosystem interactions to predict how changes in environmental factors might result in changes to the ecosystems as a whole. I have done many research and studies on how ecological forecasting is used and made some proposals in this research paper to predict the climate changes and natural calamities in advance as outlined below.

[Gangadhar. How is Ecological Forecasting used ? World Rural Observ 2025;17(2):25-134]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro170225.03

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

Full Text

3

4

A review and revisit on the designs of Geoscope

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:    Geoscope has been proposed and designed by me in 1987 for all world countries including all earthquake-prone areas or at underground study and exploration sites, seismic zones, faults, belts, tectonic plates etc. for unraveling the mysteries of the earth's underground, studying the geological hazards, exploring the underground resources and exercising the benefits of mankind and development as well as the introduced unique ideas such as artificial rains, artificial underground waters, artificial cyclones, Inventing life, Superhuman, Re-creating humans of past, Bio-machine, Time Travel machine, Geo-machine, New-earth machine, Microcosm project, Macrocosm project etc. This is not what Buck minster had proposed in 1962.  

[Gangadhar. A review and revisit on the designs of Geoscope. World Rural Observ 2025;17(2):135-148]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro170225.04

Keywords: Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

Full Text

4