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Dispute Resolution in Water Management and Environmental Goals

Ayushi Mittal *, Ashish Kumar Singhal **

Research Scholar, The ICFAI University, Dehradun, India *; Associate Professor, The ICFAI University, Dehradun **

Abstract: This privatization of dispute resolution must be considered in the context of our fundamental public commitment to provide substantive justice on an equal basis to all people. We must not close the courthouse door to those who need the courts' protections. More justice, better administrated, is what both proponents of new and old forms should seek. Absorption of Alternative Dispute Resolution into public and private institutions is pervasive.' ADR has been incorporated into court procedures (and more inclusion is urged),[1]government contracts,[2] contracts between individuals and businesses,  contracts between businesses and businesses,  and statutorily mandated relationships. One senior partner at a major New York law firm estimates that he spends almost half his time mediating disputes-as a special master to the courts or by request from attorneys involved in litigation. Much of the other half is spent using ADR techniques to develop settlements for his own clients. Law firms interested in exploring settlement are increasingly resorting to ADR on their own initiative-for example, by arranging privately choreographed "mini-trials" at which both sides present arguments and evidence to the CEOs of the disputing companies in environment, even as litigation is pending in a traditional forum.

[Ayushi Mittal, Ashish Kumar Singhal.  Dispute Resolution in Water Management and Environmental Goals. World Rural Observ 2025;17(3):1-4]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro170325.01

Key Words: Dispute Resolution; Company; Environment; Settlement; Contracts

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Unlocking Nigeria's Agricultural Potential: Research Priorities for Enhanced Crop Production

Tajudeen Bamidele Akinrinola*, Mordecai Usman Tsado,

^1. Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences University, Ibadan, Nigeria

*tb.akinrinola@gmail.com

Abstract: The agricultural sector is a cornerstone of Nigeria's economy and a major source of livelihood, and possesses vast untapped potential to ensure food security and stimulate economic growth. Despite employing a significant portion of the population, the nation faces substantial challenges that hinder optimal crop production, necessitating a reliance on imports to meet its domestic food demands. This review identifies key interconnected obstacles, including the pervasive impact of insecurity and conflicts, the increasing threats posed by climate change and environmental degradation, the persistent challenges of pest and disease outbreaks, the burden of high production costs coupled with limited access to essential inputs, and significant logistical and market access hurdles. To transform these challenges into opportunities for growth, this review proposes a comprehensive research agenda focused on unlocking Nigeria's agricultural potential. Prioritizing research in crucial areas, such as developing climate-resilient crop varieties suitable for diverse agro-ecological zones, implementing integrated pest and disease management strategies, advancing efficient post-harvest loss reduction technologies, exploring cost-effective and sustainable input management practices, improving market access and supply chain efficiencies, and promoting the adoption of appropriate technologies, is paramount. Furthermore, research into effective agricultural policies and the role of innovative financing mechanisms will be vital. By strategically addressing these research priorities, Nigeria can enhance crop productivity, improve the livelihoods and resilience of its farmers, build robust food systems capable of withstanding climate-related shocks, and ultimately achieve national food security and sustainable agricultural development, positioning the nation as a key player in the global agricultural landscape.

[Akinrinola TB, Tsado MU. Unlocking Nigeria's Agricultural Potential: Research Priorities for Enhanced Crop Production. World Rural Observ 2025;17(3):5-20]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro170325.02

Keywords: Agricultural research; climate change; food security; post-harvest losses; sustainable agriculture

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Unlocking Nigeria's Agricultural Potential: Research Priorities for Enhanced Crop Production

Tajudeen Bamidele Akinrinola*, Mordecai Usman Tsado,

^1. Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences University, Ibadan, Nigeria

*tb.akinrinola@gmail.com

Abstract: The agricultural sector is a cornerstone of Nigeria's economy and a major source of livelihood, and possesses vast untapped potential to ensure food security and stimulate economic growth. Despite employing a significant portion of the population, the nation faces substantial challenges that hinder optimal crop production, necessitating a reliance on imports to meet its domestic food demands. This review identifies key interconnected obstacles, including the pervasive impact of insecurity and conflicts, the increasing threats posed by climate change and environmental degradation, the persistent challenges of pest and disease outbreaks, the burden of high production costs coupled with limited access to essential inputs, and significant logistical and market access hurdles. To transform these challenges into opportunities for growth, this review proposes a comprehensive research agenda focused on unlocking Nigeria's agricultural potential. Prioritizing research in crucial areas, such as developing climate-resilient crop varieties suitable for diverse agro-ecological zones, implementing integrated pest and disease management strategies, advancing efficient post-harvest loss reduction technologies, exploring cost-effective and sustainable input management practices, improving market access and supply chain efficiencies, and promoting the adoption of appropriate technologies, is paramount. Furthermore, research into effective agricultural policies and the role of innovative financing mechanisms will be vital. By strategically addressing these research priorities, Nigeria can enhance crop productivity, improve the livelihoods and resilience of its farmers, build robust food systems capable of withstanding climate-related shocks, and ultimately achieve national food security and sustainable agricultural development, positioning the nation as a key player in the global agricultural landscape.

[Akinrinola TB, Tsado MU. Unlocking Nigeria's Agricultural Potential: Research Priorities for Enhanced Crop Production. World Rural Observ 2025;17(3):21-35]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro170325.03

Keywords: Agricultural research; climate change; food security; post-harvest losses; sustainable agriculture

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Kayadhu River and its future

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: The Kayadhu River, belongs to the country of India in the Asian continent. Here is an important and significant thing that scientists should be grasped and noted by the researchers regarding the changes in climate conditions.. Recently, due to climate changes, water bodies like rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs, barrages, dams, and glaciers etc. are drying up or overflowing, causing many catastrophic situations. According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scales, it is come to known that there will be climate changes in the coming years “i.e”  heavy rains and and floods etc. will occur until about 2075, and there will be droughts and famines until about 2150. So, based on the studies of the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, basins and catchment areas of the Kayadhu River  will be filled with waters in the coming years. This is just only a scientific observation with a scientific perspective and not that these consequences will occur and in some years it may be fulfilled and in others it may not be fulfilled. In this study, we can take any thing that is useful in scientific research. So scientists, engineers, irrigators etc. can monitor the conditions of the Kayadhu River through the establishment and study of the Indian Monsoon Time Scale. Through this research, we can know the future consequences of the above Kayadhu River catchment areas and basins. Plans can be made accordingly. So, Indian scientists can establish the Indian Monsoon Time Scale and predict what is going to happen in the above Kayadhu River basins and catchment areas in the coming 50 years roughly. Now let us know how to design and establish of Indian Monsoon Time Scale, how to study the climate changes and how to predict the future conditions of the above Kayadhu River. To predict the future conditions of the Kayadhu River,  Indian  Monsoon Time Scale is described below for the convenience of Indian scientists to study the precipitation includes drizzle, rain, sleet, snow, ice pellets, graupel, and hail etc. around the catchment areas of the Kayadhu River. Indian scientists may select and develop a suitable Monsoon Time Scale which is used to estimate the climate conditions in the catchment areas of the Kayadhu River as outlined below.    

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Kayadhu River and its future. World Rural Observ 2025;17(3):36-108]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro170325.04

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-) 

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