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Impact of molasses and ground corn grains as a source of energy supplementation on composition, quality, nutritional values and in vitro gas production parameters of corn stover silage

Hamed H. Gaafar* 1, Reda A. Mesbah 1, Mohamed E. Sayed-Ahmed 1, Abd Elghani H. Ghoneim1 , Essam M. ElKotamy 1 , Khaled M. Sharaf 1, Hamada A. Areda 2,1. Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. 2 Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish production Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Egypt. * Corresponding author: drgaafar1@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: As soon as the ears were harvested, green corn stover was collected and cut to a length of 1.5 to 2.0 cm with a harvester chopper machine. Chopping corn stover was unsupplemented in T1 or supplemented with 3% molasses in T2 or 3% ground yellow corn grains in T3 and stored for 45 days in plastic bags that can hold roughly 0.5 kg of weight. Then, samples were taken for determinations of chemical analysis, silage quality and in vitro gas production. Supplementing corn stover silage with either molasses (T2) or ground corn grains (T3) results in significant increases in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) contents, while reducing crude fiber (CF) and fiber fractions include neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), cellulose, and hemicellulose) contents, compared to the control (T1). However, organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), and ash contents remain relatively stable and unaffected by the treatments. Supplementation of corn stover silage with molasses and ground corn grain results in a noticeable decrease in pH and butyric acid concentration, but increase total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs), lactic, acetic and propionic acids concentrations, while ammonia-N levels remain largely unaffected. Cumulative gas production and the parameters of rapidly degradable fraction (a), potentially degradable fraction (b), the rate of gas production (c), and the total amount of gas produced from both the soluble (GPSF) and insoluble (GPNSF) were significantly increased, while methane production components decreased when molasses and ground corn grains were added to corn stover silage (T2 and T3). In the first 12 hours, gas production was fast; in the next 12 hours, it was moderate; and in the final 24 to 96 hours, it was slower. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration, microbial protein production (MP), dry matter intake (DMI), effective dry matter degradability (EDMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), total digestible nutrients (TDN), gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and net energy (NE) were all significantly (P<0.05) improved when corn stover silage was supplemented with molasses and ground corn grains (T2 and T3). In conclusion, supplementing corn stover silage with molasses or ground corn grains improves its chemical composition, quality, nutritional value and leads to a more efficient in vitro gas production. [Hamed H. Gaafar, Reda A. Mesbah, Mohamed E. Sayed-Ahmed, Abd Elghani H. Ghoneim, Essam M. El-Kotamy, Khaled M. Sharaf, Hamada A. Areda. Impact of molasses and ground corn grains as a source of energy supplementation on composition, quality, nutritional values and in vitro gas production parameters of corn stover silage. World Rural Observatton 2025;17(4):1-14]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 01. doi:10.7537/marswro170425.01

Keywords: Corn stover silage; Molasses and corn grains; Composition and quality; Nutritional values; In vitro gas production.

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Key words: Project Planning; Project Implementation; Stakeholder Participation; Project Monitoring and Evaluation; Performance of Agricultural Projects and Sustainable Agricultural Intensification and Food Security Project (SAIP); Rwanda.

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MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS ON THE RESPONSE OF CROP TO FERTILIZER AND SOIL TYPE USING SPLIT PLOT DESIGN

Lasisi T. A.⁽¹⁾, Oladimeji O. A.^(2)*, Longe I. O. ⁽²⁾, Oyeniyi R. O.⁽³⁾ , and Ogunbanwo T. A. ⁽⁴⁾

¹Department of Statistics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho Oyo State, Nigeria

²Department of Statistics, Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria

⁴Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Osun State, Nigeria

³Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Osun State College of Technology, Esa-Oke, Osun State, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author: adedipupo.oladimeji@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: This research work is primarily aimed at determining the significance effect of factors and other consideration on yield of plant. The method of data collection is transcription from record from the department of Agricultural Technology of the Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti. Analysis of variance using split plot design to eliminate the effect of those factors accordingly after the data analysis are concluded from the analysis of variance on yiled that replicates (soil types) and fertilizer effect are individually (main effect ) statistically not significance at 5% significance level since P-value > 0.05. Also, interaction effect of fertilizer and replicates is statistically not significance since P-value > 0.05 accordingly.

[Lasisi T. A., Oladimeji O. A., Longe I. O., Oyeniyi R. O., and Ogunbanwo T. A. MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS ON THE RESPONSE OF CROP TO FERTILIZER AND SOIL TYPE USING SPLIT PLOT DESIGN. Rural Observ 2025;17(3):25-35]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro170425.03

Keywords: Factorial Treatment; Experimental Units; Fertilizer; Crops Yield; Synthetic; Split-Plot Design; Blocking; Experimental Error; Dependant Variable

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Dispute Resolution in Water Management and Environmental Goals

Ayushi Mittal, Research Scholar, The ICFAI University, Dehradun, India

Ashish Kumar Singhal, Associate Professor, The ICFAI University, Dehradun

Abstract: This privatization of dispute resolution must be considered in the context of our fundamental public commitment to provide substantive justice on an equal basis to all people. We must not close the courthouse door to those who need the courts' protections. More justice, better administrated, is what both proponents of new and old forms should seek. Absorption of Alternative Dispute Resolution into public and private institutions is pervasive.' ADR has been incorporated into court procedures (and more inclusion is urged),[1]government contracts,[2] contracts between individuals and businesses,  contracts between businesses and businesses,  and statutorily mandated relationships. One senior partner at a major New York law firm estimates that he spends almost half his time mediating disputes-as a special master to the courts or by request from attorneys involved in litigation. Much of the other half is spent using ADR techniques to develop settlements for his own clients. Law firms interested in exploring settlement are increasingly resorting to ADR on their own initiative-for example, by arranging privately choreographed "mini-trials" at which both sides present arguments and evidence to the CEOs of the disputing companies in environment, even as litigation is pending in a traditional forum.

[Ayushi Mittal. Dispute Resolution in Water Management and Environmental Goals. Rural Observ 2025;17(4):36-39]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro170425.04

Key Words: Dispute Resolution; Company; Environment; Settlement; Contracts

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