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ASSESSMENT OF PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN WATER AND SEDIMENTS OBTAINED FROM RIVER TARABA IN TELLA TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

ENEJI . I. S, LULLAH – DEH J.A, ANDE S, AGBENDEH Z. M.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ,COLLEGE OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES ,JOSEPH SARWUAN TARKA UNIVERSITY,MAKURDI

E-mail: ishaqeneji@gmail.com

E-mail: japhetlullah@gmail.com

Keywords: ASSESSMENT; PESTICIDE RESIDUES; WATER; SEDIMENTS; RIVER; NIGERIA

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The Dilemma Food Security in Sudan

Dr Abdulgadir Turkawi

Freelance Consultant

Dr Abdulgadir Turkawi

Freelance Consultant

Khartoum – Sudan

Mobile (Sudani) +249 123013006, +249918114077; Skype: abdulgadir.turkawi

a.turkawi@gmail.com

Abstract: With the rapid increase in the population, the shrinking areas under cultivation, with the reducing productivity of land, exacerbated by the wars and conflicts, the situation of food availability and accessibility in the country is in a retarded condition and is continually in a critical situation. The country population is now over 45 million persons in 2022 and is expected to reach about 50 million persons in the next few years. With that and the declining areas, the food need to feed them is an escalating challenge. According to the FAO and the recent IPC report (2024), approximately 25.6M people across Sudan will likely experience high levels of acute food insecurity (IPC Phase 3 or above) between June and September 2024, and 755,000 are already in IPC 5 (see annex 1) where fourteen areas (localities and IDP/refugee clusters) in nine states face a risk of Famine during the same period[1] That was resulted from the intermitted cereal production, accessibility problems, intensified conflict and civil unrests since April 2023, significant economic shocks and some of the most severe weather extremes in recent years, or a combination of these drivers.

[Dr Abdulgadir Turkawi. The Dilemma Food Security in Sudan. World Rural Observation 2026;18(3):18-38]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 02. doi:10.7537/marswro180326.02

Keywords: Dilemma; Food; Security; Sudan

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Profiling and importance of underutilized neglected species of hyper arid climate of Saudi Arabia (Retama raetam - Retem): A review

Nayef Al-Sharari¹, Ahmed S. Bakhashwain¹ and Elfeel A. A.^*1

¹Department of Arid Land Agriculture, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

^*Corresponding author address:

Elfeel,  A. Ahmed

Department of Arid land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University

Cell Phone:  +966-567420763

email: (aidris@kau.edu.sa)

Abstract: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the largest country in Arab Peninsula. However, most of its land is classified as arid or hyper arid with rare vegetation cover. Retama raetam (Retem) is found in the drier parts along the Northern Western region of KSA. Retem is well known as drought tolerant species with wide range of traditional medicinal uses. In order to validate the traditional uses, recently many studies were conducted regarding phytochemical analysis and pharmacological activities. However, very few information about the importance of this species and its profile are available.  The aim of this review is to highlight the updated information on the profile and values of this species.  R. Raetam is a true arid land plant species with very deep root system, assimilating green branches and small leaves that are drop very quickly to conserve water loss.  In addition to that phytochemical profiling of the species revealed many compounds of high pharmacological values such as flavonoids, alkaloids and pinitols.  As the result different parts of this plant exhibited medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, antihypertensive, diuretic, antiseptic, hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory and body weight lowering. This review reflects the importance of including this species in the priority list in KSA as potential multi-uses for degraded land rehabilitation.

[Nayef Al-Sharari, Ahmed S. Bakhashwain and Elfeel A. A. Profiling and importance of underutilized neglected species of hyper arid climate of Saudi Arabia (Retama raetam - Retem): A review. World Rural Observation 2026;18(3):39-47]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 03. doi:10.7537/marswro180326.03

Keyword: Retama raetem/retem; species profile; traditional medicine; phytochemical; pharmacological activity

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Assessment of the Awareness of Poultry Farmers in Oyo and Ogun States of Nigeria to the effects of Mycotoxins in Poultry birds

Alabi, M. Z.¹, Tayo, G. O.¹ and Taiwo, E. A.¹

¹Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, School of Science and Technology, Babcock University Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria

Corresponding author’s email: queenesther789@gmail.com

___________________________________________________________________________

Abstract: This research was carried out in Ogun and Oyo States of the south-western region of Nigeria to determine the awareness level of selected poultry farmers to the risks and effects associated with mycotoxins. A structured questionnaire categorized into four sections viz; demographic information and characteristics of the farm, storage and processing of feed ingredients, awareness level of farmers to mycotoxins and preventive measures employed; was administered to 20 farms which were randomly selected. Selected farms had a minimum capacity of 10,000 birds within the two states and 5 workers per farm were administered the questionnaire. Data obtained was subjected to descriptive analysis using SPSS. Result obtained showed that majority (73.5%) of the respondents, who are into production of broiler and layer birds, were aware that mycotoxin is a major issue in Nigeria. 86.7% of the respondents knew that mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin, are dangerous to poultry birds. However, 49.0% of the respondents do not know of the carcinogenic characteristics of mycotoxins. This study also revealed that 34.7% of the farmers do not make use of toxin binders although they are aware of their availability. Conclusively, this study revealed a high level of mycotoxin awareness among the poultry farmers respondent. However, the awareness level is not yet at its maximum and there is still room for improvement. Improvement can be ensured through dissemination of information by extension agents, public campaigns and circulation of information during conferences among poultry farmers.  

[Alabi, M. Z., Tayo, G. O. and Taiwo, E. A. Assessment of the Awareness of Poultry Farmers in Oyo and Ogun States of Nigeria to the effects of Mycotoxins in Poultry birds. World Rural Observation 2026;18(3):48-54]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 04. doi:10.7537/marswro180326.04

Key words: Awareness; mycotoxins; poultry farmers

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India is currently entering the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” : Assessing its impacts & strategies on the Agriculture chemicals sector

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  What is the future of India's monsoonal climate changes and natural calamities going to be like in the coming years and decades?  Here is an important point to bring to the notice of Indian governments, scientists, engineers, officers, farmers, people, and various sectors, schemes, and plans, just like the present subject, the Agricultural Chemicals sector, to be aware of one thing.  According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, invented by me, India is currently rapidly entering the throes  of the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era.” As a result, India is going to be plagued by heavy rains and floods until around 2070. These conditions now rose and peaked around 2045 and then began to subside by 2070. However, this does not mean that floods occur in all years. There are more flood years and fewer drought years. I have conducted extensive studies on all aspects of the monsoonal climate changes that are going to occur in the coming years and decades and the catastrophic situations that will arise in the broader sectors, plans, schemes, etc. just like the present  Agricultural Chemicals sector due to these monsoonal climate changes that are likely to occur in the coming seasons, and based on these studies, I have made some suggestions regarding the preventive strategies that need to be adopted in accordance with those circumstances. Therefore, if there are any useful aspects in these proposals, the Agricultural Chemicals sector can take them into consideration and implement them more effectively.      

[Gangadhar. India is currently entering the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” : Assessing its impacts & strategies on the Agriculture chemicals sector. World Rural Observation 2026;18(3):55-209]. ISSN: 1944-6543 (Print); ISSN: 1944-6551 (Online). http://www.sciencepub.net/rural. 05. doi:10.7537/marswro180326.05   

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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