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A Histopathological Study of the Therapeutic Effect of Mobilized Intrinsic Stem Cells versus Locally-Injected Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Knee Joint in White Mice

Mohamed Fawzy Soliman, Somaia Ahmed Saad El-Din^*, Laila Abdulla Elshawarby, Hossam Mostafa Fahmy, Hanna Ahmed Amer, Rania Ahmed Abo-Shady, Fatma Abd-Al Karim^***, Hend Abd Allah Ahmed^**** and Nadia Salah Kamel^**

Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Pathology Department^*, Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation^**, Biochemistry Department at Medical Research Center, Veterinary Department at Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Email: drsomaia2005@gmail.com, Tel: o1121246413

Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease involving degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are pluripotent cells found in multiple human adult tissues, including bone marrow, synovial tissues, and adipose tissues. Because of their multi-potent capabilities, MSC lineages have been used successfully in animal models to regenerate articular cartilage and in human models to regenerate bone. The number of MSCs that can be isolated from bone marrow is fairly limited. As a result, most research in cartilage regeneration has focused on the use of culture expanded cells. Aim: This research was carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the use of growth factors (stem cell factor) as mobilizing factors on stem cells (both intraarticular and intravenous) in white mice in comparison to the effect of direct intra-articular mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (of Wharton’s Jelly and umbilical cord blood) on healing of osteoarthritic lesions of knee joint in white mice. Material and Methods: This study was performed on 100 adult male rats. OA was induced using insulin syringes for osteotomy in 80 rats bilaterally in both knee joints and 20 rats were left without induction of OA as normal healthy control group. There were 3 groups composed of 80 rats (A, B and C). Group A was 40 rats injected by SCF and subdivided into subgroup A1 composed of 20 rats were injected intra-articular and group A2 composed of 20 rats were injected intravenous. Group B composed of 20 rats were injected intra-articular by the MSC that subdivided into subgroup B1 including 10 rats injected by MSC obtained from human umbilical cord blood and subgroup B2 injected by MSC obtained from human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. Group C was 20 untreated rats used as untreated control group. 12 weeks later, all rats were sacrificed by intraperitoneal injection of toxic dose of thiopental sodium. Histopathological assessment was done to illustrate pathological changes to induced knee OA and assess response to MSCs and SCF therapies by different routes. Results: SC WJ treated group showed best therapeutic response to cartilage cell grade, subchondral bone stage and grade. SC CB treated group show only good response to this therapy as regards cartilage stain grade only, SCF IV treated group showed best therapeutic response to therapy as regards cartilage cell grade and synovium vascular grade. SCF IC treated group responded well to cartilage stage only. Conclusion: Improvement to OA with different therapies (MSCs and SCF therapies) occurred in all treated groups with best therapeutic response to therapy in SC WJ treated group followed by SCF IV treated group.

[Mohamed Fawzy Soliman, Somaia Ahmed Saad El-Din, Laila Abdulla Elshawarby, Hossam Mostafa Fahmy, Hanna Ahmed Amer, Rania Ahmed Abo-Shady, Fatma Abd-Al Karim, Hend Abd Allah Ahmed and Nadia salah Kamel. A Histopathological Study of the Therapeutic Effect of Mobilized Intrinsic Stem Cells versus Locally-Injected Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Knee Joint in White Mice. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):1-11]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.01.

Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Stem cells, Umbilical cord blood, Wharton’s jelly, Stem cell factor, intra-articular, growth factors

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Chicken Astrovirus

Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh¹, Nagwa S. Rabie¹ and Mona S. Zaki²

¹Department of Poultry Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.

²Hydrobiology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza Egypt

Abstract: Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) has been associated with poor growth of broiler flocks, enteritis and diarrhea and is a candidate pathogen in cases of runting stunting syndrome. More recently CAstV has been implicated in cases of two other diseases of broilers as the sole etiological agent, namely severe kidney disease of young broilers with visceral gout and the “White Chicks” hatchery disease. Examination of the strains of CAstV associated with the two latter diseases reveals they are closely related genetically. This review will discuss the pathogenesis of CAstV in relation to strain diversity and the effects of vertical versus horizontal transmission, virus load, co-infections and age of bird at infection, all factors that may impact upon disease severity.

[Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh, Nagwa S. Rabie and Mona S. Zaki. Chicken Astrovirus. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):12-16]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.02.

Keywords: Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV), turkey astrovirus (TAstV)

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Assessment of Rural household’s Vulnerability to flooding in Oyo State, Nigeria

Abolarin, Olawale Ojo. and, Adebo, Grace Modupe

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services,

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria

abolarin160@gmail.com

Abstract Flooding has been a seasonal challenge in Nigeria in recent times. Oyo state in particular has experienced devastating floods which affected several people resulting in grave consequences. This study examined the factors influencing the vulnerability of rural households to flooding in Oyo state. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 90 respondents used for the study. Data were obtained with the aid of a structured interview schedule and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square. The study revealed that the mean age of the rural households was 52 years, with an average household size of six persons, but with low educational statuses. Oyo state witnessed fluvial and pluvial flooding. The factors that predispose the rural households to flooding includes poverty, building residents close to river banks, indiscriminate waste disposal, and weak drainage system, poor house planning and the lack of cooperation among the community members in maintaining the environment. The Chi square analysis established that flooding significantly affected the agricultural assets (X²=72.461, p< 0.05), health (X² =38.730, p< 0.05), economic (X² =70.303, p<0.05), social lives (X² = 62.416, P<0.05), and physical assets (X² 73.640, p< 0.05) of the rural households. The study, recommended the enlightenment, awareness and sensitization of rural areas in Oyo state to flooding and attitudinal changes to avoid the consequences. Government should enforce rules and regulations on town and regional planning with all houses cited close to riverbanks being demolished. Farmers should be encouraged to insure their farms against risk and uncertainties. Both government and non-governmental organizations should assist the rural households to bounce back after flooding.

[Abolarin O.O. and, Adebo G.M. Assessment of Rural household’s Vulnerability to flooding in Oyo State, Nigeria ]

[Abolarin, Olawale Ojo. and, Adebo, Grace Modupe. Assessment of Rural household’s Vulnerability to flooding in Oyo State, Nigeria. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):17-23]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.03.

Keywords: Behaviour, environmental management, flooding, rural households, vulnerability

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Study on Biochemical Composition of Sea Snail Hemifusus colosseus (Lamarck, 1816) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Melongenidae) in Tam Giang Lagoon, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

Tran Ngoc Anh Thu¹, Tran Van Thien¹, Nguyen Tran Trung², Tran Quoc Dung^2⃰

¹Nguyen Tri Phương Secondary School, 63 To Huu Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

²Faculty of Biology, University of Education, Hue University, 34 Le Loi Street, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue Province, Vietnam

tranquocdung@hueuni.edu.vn

Abstract: Hemifusus colosseus (Lamarck, 1816) is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod molluscs belonging to the family Melongenidae, class Gastropoda, phylum Mollusca. This species is harvested for human consumption. It is considered as a delicacy for their delicious meat, high nutritional and commercial value. The aim of this study is to determine the biochemical compositions of sea snail H. colosseus in Vietnam, for which no data are available at present. Samples were collected from Tam Giang Lagoon, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. Soft tissues were dissected from shell and used for biochemical composition determination. The total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method, the total lipid content was made by the gravimetric method, while the total carbohydrate content was calculated by the Bertrand method. The mineral contents were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The total protein was found to be the major content followed by carbohydrate and lipid in the sea snails H. colosseus. The concentrations of main macrominerals (K, Na, Mg, P, and Ca) and microminerals (Zn, Fe, and Se) were also determined. This study reveals that the sea snail H. colosseus is a good source of protein with high level and low lipid. Furthermore, the sea snail has also a high mineral content.

[Thu TNA, Thien TV, Trung NT, Dung TQ. Study on Biochemical Composition of Sea Snail Hemifusus colosseus (Lamarck, 1816) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Melongenidae) in Tam Giang Lagoon, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):24-30]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.04.

Keywords: Hemifusus colosseus; sea snail; biochemical composition; Tam Giang Lagoon, Vietnam.

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Significance Of Delayed Unit Step Function For Discontinuous Functions And Their Laplace Transforms

Dr Dinesh Verma

Associate Professor, Yogananda College of Engineering & Technology, Jammu

Email: drdinesh.maths@gmail.com

Abstract: In this paper, we will discuss the significance of delayed unit step function for discontinuous functions. The discontinuous functions are represented in terms of delayed unit step function and their Laplace transform is then found. Laplace transform is a mathematical tool which makes it easier to solve the problems in engineering and science.

[Dinesh Verma. Significance Of Delayed Unit Step Function For Discontinuous Functions And Their Laplace Transforms. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):31-34]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.05.

Key words: Laplace Transform, Delayed Unit Step Function.

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‘Consumers Acceptability and Willingness to Pay For Value Added Cassava Flour in Ekiti State’

Adebo G.M, O.M Apata, S.O.W Toluwase, A.O. Adekunmi, A. Ajiboye and. A.O. Awoyemi

Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services

Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University.

Email of the corresponding author: grace.adebo@eksu.edu.ng.

Abstract: A survey of 160 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure from Ekiti state was conducted to assess the willingness to evaluate the importance of value-added cassava flour on consumers' preference for the different cassava flour product attributes. Also, their willingness to pay (WTP) premium prices for various combinations of value-added products was determined. The respondent's ideal cassava flour (pupuru) is the one produced using the traditional methods, with no fortification, no packaging and no labelling, usually sold in the open market in basins. A structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from the respondents. The information gathered were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, a five-point Likert-type scale, mean, and Probit model. Data shows that a majority of the respondents were still young, below the age of 45 years. They cut across all the religious practices with the proportion of the Christians and Muslims almost at per. A considerable percentage (68.8%) of the respondents was married, with a mean household size of six persons. They were highly literate and had diverse primary occupations with a mean annual income of two hundred and eighty thousand nairas only (280,000.00) an equivalent of seven hundred and twenty-two, and fifty-seven dollars ($722.57) per annum and 1.98dollars per day. The level of acceptance of value-added cassava flour was very high. The most acceptable product of cassava flour was Cassava flour fortified with Vitamin A (no packaging and labelling) odourless (x̅=4.45). It was followed by Cassava flour enriched with Vitamin A Packaged and labelled and odourless (x̅=4.03) and Cassava flour only (traditional method but odourless) ( x̅=3.26). The value-added cassava flour was preferred because it Competes favourably with other packaged foods, and perceived of being safe, its shelf life, and quest to gain more nutrients and get value for money. A majority (87%) of the respondents were willing to pay premiums for value-added cassava flour. However, the highest premium price most of the respondents were willing to pay was eighty-eight naira, i.e. 25% premium price. The result of the Probit regression model shows that the sex, education, average annual income, culture and the perceived quality influences the willingness of the respondents to pay a premium for value-added cassava flour. The study recommends that the cassava industry should develop innovative value-added cassava flour to meet the needs of the consumers and also enhance farm income from cassava flour.

[Adebo G.M, O.M Apata, S.O.W Toluwase, A.O. Adekunmi, A. Ajiboye and. A.O. Awoyemi. ‘Consumers Acceptability and Willingness to Pay For Value Added Cassava Flour in Ekiti State’. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):35-44]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.06.

Keywords: Cassava attributes, consumer’s preference, food safety, value addition, willingness to pay

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Postoperative Pressure Injury after Epidural Analgesia; a Scoping Review

Hana H. Webair, MBBS, MS,^1* and Raed S. Ahmed, MBCh, FRCSC, FACOG, MScCH²

¹Department of Family Medicine, Hadhramout University, Mukalla, Yemen

*International Medical Center, Jeddah, Suadi Arabia

²Department of Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Umm Al Qura University, Makah, Suadi Arabia

E-mail: hhwebair@gmail.com

Abstract: Objective: To identify how postoperative pressure injury (PI) after epidural analgesia had been researched to identify the existing gaps, then to summarize the existing literature, particularly focusing on the rate of occurrence, clinical presentation and risk factors. Design: Scoping review. Data sources: MEDLINE, CINHAL, Academic Search Complete, and SCOPUS up to September 2018. Study selection: All published articles that discussed PI following postoperative epidural analgesia regardless of study design, or language. Data extraction: Studies were assessed on article characteristics (author, year of publication, article type, language, and study location); methodology (study design, study objectives, and number of participants); participants’ characteristics (age, gender, and type, and duration of surgery); anesthesia and epidural analgesia characteristics (anesthesia type, epidural analgesia medications and rate, and level of epidural insertion); and PI description (percentage of occurrence, site, preventive measures, and treatment). Results: From 225 studies, 19 were included for analysis. Unfortunately, most of the articles found were descriptive in addition to short litters. In fact, the methodological limitations resulted in great variation in the reported occurrence rate, being present in anywhere between 0% and 23% of cases. Many of the reported cases were among healthy, young, and low risk patients. Preventive measures reported frequently including the application of PI prevention protocol, and increase patients and staff awareness. Studies discussed factors thought to be related to PI development. However, characteristics of anesthesia and epidural analgesia were the predominant factors. Those characteristics included neuroaxial versus general anesthesia, lumbar versus thoracic epidural insertion, in addition to motor and sensory block. Conclusions: The published work is insufficient to describe the full picture of postoperative PI following epidural analgesia. In addition, the association of PI with epidural analgesia has not yet been confirmed due to the lack of robust methodology. Further well-designed studies are recommended to bridge literature gap.

[Hana H. Webair MBBS, MS, and Raed S. Ahmed, MBCh, FRCSC, FACOG, MScCH. Postoperative Pressure Injury after Epidural Analgesia; a Scoping Review. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):45-53]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.07.

Keywords: analgesia, epidural; Ulcer, Pressure; Perioperative Period

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Formulation and clinical evaluation of ozonated olive oil for the treatment of acne vulgaris lesions

Xio Khaoshi*, Choan Zhang

Department of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China

khaoshixio@gmail.com

Abstract: The ozonides produced by ozonation procedure have significant killing effects on bacteria, fungi and yeasts. They have effects on activation of local microcirculation, tissue growth, and on other processes involved in the treatment of skin disorders. The purpose of present study is to formulate and evaluate the healing effects of ozonated extra virgin olive oil on acne vulgaris as a single-blind, non-randomized clinical trial. Each patient received a placebo on his/her lesions for one month and after 10 days of washouts, they were treated with ozonated olive oil applied on their whole lesions for one month. The results were expressed as the percentages of reduced inflammatory versus non-inflammatory lesions. After one month of ozonated olive oil treatment, a seventy-five percent healing was observed in 50% of patients while under the same condition the remaining twenty five percent of the patients had 50% healing. After one month of applying ozonated olive oil, both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions were decreased by 65%. In conclusion, topical application of ozonated olive oil has shown significant healing effects on patients suffering from acne vulgaris. Biocompatibility behavior of ozonated olive oil makes it an excellent candidate to be prescribed as a highly potential anti-acne medicine.

[Xio Khaoshi, Choan Zhang. Formulation and clinical evaluation of ozonated olive oil for the treatment of acne vulgaris lesions. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):54-60]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 8. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.08.

Keywords: Ozonated Olive oil, Acne vulgaris, Treatment

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Stem Cell, Time and Space Research Literatures

Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

39-06 Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem cells are derived from embryonic and non-embryonic tissues. Most stem cell studies are for animal stem cells and plants have also stem cell. Stem cells were discovered in 1981 from early mouse embryos. Stem cells have the potential to develop into all different cell types in the living body. Stem cell is a body repair system. When a stem cell divides it can be still a stem cell or become adult cell, such as a brain cell. Stem cells are unspecialized cells and can renew themselves by cell division, and stem cells can also differentiate to adult cells with special functions. Stem cells replace the old cells and repair the damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body because they are pluripotent. Adult stem cells are thought to be limited to differentiating into different cell types of their tissue of origin. This article introduces recent research reports as references in the stem cell, time and space related studies.

[Herbert M. Stem Cell, Time and Space Research Literatures. Stem Cell 2020;11(2):61-94]. ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 9. doi:10.7537/marsscj110220.09.

Key words: stem cell; life; research; literature

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