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ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS  ISOLATED FROM DAIRYCOWS IN AND AROUND ASOSSA TOWN, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki * and Addisu Muleta

Assosa, Regional Animal Health Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, email  address: asmamawaki@gmail.com, Telephone: +251 902330029; P.B.BOX 326

Abstract: A cross - sectional  study was conducted from January 2024 to July 2024 in Dairy cattle in and around Asossa town in order to estimate the prevalence of mastitis, isolate and identify S.aurues from mastitic lactating cows, assess its antimicrobial resistance pattern and identify risk factors associated with mastitis. A total of 369 Dairy cows milk samples were collected with purposive sampling techniques. The overall prevalence of mastitis at cow level was 39.56 % with 14.90 % and 24.66 % of clinical and subclinical mastitis prevalence, respectively.  A total of 1476 quarters were examined to detect clinical and subclinical mastitis by physical examinations of udder, milk and by California Mastitis Screening Test. From a total of 1476 quarters examined, 13.41 % (198/1476) and 23.37% (345/1476) of quarters were affected by clinical and sub clinical mastitis, respectively.  In this study, the subclinical mastitis was higher than clinical mastitis. For all except Age and parity, intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors showed significant value for the prevalence of mastitis in the study area (P˂0.05). From 146 mastitis infected lactating cows, 543 milk samples were cultured and 22.22% S.aureus were isolated. The present result showed a significant association of resistance pattern with S.aureus isolates, particularly to amoxicillin (84.61%), penicillin G (78.84%), Cefoxitin(76.92%), Tetracycline (69.23%), Streptomycin (61.53%), Gentamycin (53.84%), and Vancomycin (61.53%). In this study, 76.92 % S.aureus isolates were resistant for Cefoxitin. There were also observed multidrug resistance, mainly to Penicillin G, Streptomycin and Tetracycline. The present study revealed higher prevalence of mastitis and occurrence of resistance S.aureus, which are dependent on multiple associated risk factors. S.aureus to various antimicrobials indicated that, there is existence of resistance for frequently isolated mastitis bacteria to commonly used antimicrobial agents in the study area. Hence, regular resistance follow-up, using antimicrobials sensitivity tests helps to select effective antibiotics and to reduce the problems of drug resistance developments towards commonly used antimicrobials.

[Asmamaw Aki and Addisu Muleta. ISOLATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANT PROFILE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS  ISOLATED FROM DAIRYCOWS IN AND AROUND ASOSSA TOWN, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Stem Cell. 2026;17(2):1-20] ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1. doi:10.7537/marsscj170226.01

Keywords: Asossa; Antimicrobials; Dairycows; milk;  Staphylococcus aureus

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Stem Cells, Biological Immortality, and Sociological Immortality: Integrating Regenerative Medicine with Social Systems of Life Preservation

Mark Herbert, PhD

Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: The aspiration to extend human life has transitioned from philosophical speculation to scientific inquiry with the emergence of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. Stem cells possess the dual capacity for self-renewal and differentiation, enabling continuous cellular regeneration and tissue repair. These characteristics suggest that stem-cell-based interventions may significantly extend human lifespan and potentially approach biological immortality. However, aging is a complex systemic process involving genetic damage, telomere shortening, and declining regenerative capacity, which currently limit the effectiveness of regenerative medicine. This paper examines the biological foundations of stem cells, analyzes natural examples of biological immortality found in certain organisms, and proposes a theoretical framework linking biological longevity with social systems that protect life. The study introduces five theoretical propositions explaining how regenerative biology and social institutions interact in the preservation of human life. It argues that immortality should be understood not as a single biological outcome but as a multidimensional process involving both biological regeneration and societal structures that prevent avoidable deaths. By integrating advances in stem cell science with sociological systems such as universal basic income and universal healthcare, modern societies may move toward what can be termed sociological immortality, a condition in which deaths caused by preventable social conditions are eliminated.

[Mark Herbert. Stem Cells, Biological Immortality, and Sociological Immortality: Integrating Regenerative Medicine with Social Systems of Life Preservation. Stem Cell. 2026;17(2):21-29] ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 2. doi:10.7537/marsscj170226.02

Keywords: stem cells; biological immortality; sociological immortality; regenerative medicine; aging; longevity

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Too Greattosay Heaven

Sun Chunwu

Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, mainly engaged in research on natural sciences, etc;

Retired unit, Jiangsu Yangzhou Huading Electrical Appliance Group Co., Ltd

Visiting Professor at the Talent Education and Training Center of the China Management Science Research Association

Email: yzscw0514@163.com WeChat account scw20171020 Postal code 225008

Abstract: It is a great honor to get acquainted with Mr. Sun by chance, and then I had such a precious opportunity to have a glimpse of Mr. Sun's monograph "Taiji Talk the World" before it was officially republished. I would like to thank Mr. Sun for his love for me. For the world of science, I have always been a confused little lamb, never had much interest in it, and only love to see books about improving teaching career, I also think that I am not a suitable person to explore science, let alone a person who is good at expressing his heart with words. So, I didn't plan to write an article about the book at first. At the same time, in the process of reading this book, let me read several times to benefit a lot of things that have been confused, in this book I found the answer that I had been searching for.

[Sun Chunwu. Too Greattosay Heaven. Stem Cell. 2026;17(2):30-221] ISSN: 1945-4570 (print); ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 3. doi:10.7537/marsscj170226.03

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