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The food and feeding habits of the Sompat grunt Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier, 1830) in the New Calabar – Bonny River, Porthacourt, Rivers state, Nigeria

¹Agbugui, M.O., ²Deekae, S.N., ¹Oniye. S.J. and ¹Auta, J.

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria,

² Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Environment, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Porthacourt, Nigeria

marianuseni@yahoo.com

Abstract:- The food and feeding habits of the Sompat grunt Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier, 1830) in the New Calabar – Bonny River, Porthacourt, Rivers state, Nigeria was investigated in other to identify the dietary items and feeding habits. The analyses of the stomach contents were carried out by the numeric, frequency of occurrence, points and gravimetric methods. The results showed that the dietary items were crabs – Callinectes amnicola (73.1%), fresh water shrimps - Macrobrachium macrobrachion (24.08%) which were the important primary food components whereas, fish species - Scomberomosus tritor (1.51%), Sardinella maderensis (0.69%) and Ethmalosa fimbriata (0.56%) were secondary items. Littorina anguilifera was considered as incidental food item (0.02%). The total amounts of dietary items were higher in the wet season (April to October) than in the dry season (November to March). Most of these preys were often intact in the stomachs of P. jubelini examined. This is an indication that it swallows its prey whole thus imposing maximum limit on its prey and it is also a non-piscivorous, macroscopic feeding fish. The information obtained from this stud will contribute to the knowledge of fish biology with particular reference to the food and feeding habits and useful for fishery management and aqua-cultural tendency.

[Agbugui, M.O., Deekae, S.N., Oniye. S.J. and Auta, J. The food and feeding habits of the Sompat grunt Pomadasys jubelini (Cuvier, 1830) in the New Calabar – Bonny River, Porthacourt, Rivers state, Nigeria. Stem Cell 2014;5(1):1-7] (ISSN 1545-4570) : ISSN: 1945-4732 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 1

doi:10.7537/marsscj050114.01

Key words:- Dietary items, feeding habits, New Calabar-Bonny River, Pomadasys jubelini, stomach content, Index of relative importance (IRI)

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The Synergistic Effects of Using Silicon with Some Vitamins on Growth and Fruiting of Flame Seedless Grapevines

Al- Wasfy, M.M.M.

Hort. Dept. Qena Fac, of Agric., South Valley Univ. Egypt.

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: Flame seedless grapevines treated during 2012 and 2013 seasons with potassium silicate at 250 ppm either singly or in various combinations with vitamins K & E & D & A & B₁₂ each at 50 ppm and C at 500 ppm as an attempts for promoting berry weight and colouration of clusters. Each vine was sprayed four times. Spraying silicon and or these vitamins was superior than the control treatment in improving growth, yield and quality of the berries. Using vitamins was favourable than using silicon in this respect. Using silicon in combined with these vitamins surpassed the use of vitamins alone in this respect. A remarkable promotion on both berry weight and cluster colouration was observed with using silicon and/ or vitamins. Carrying out four sprays of a mixture of vitamins K & E & D & A & B₁₂ each at 50 ppm and C at 500 pm besides potassium silicate at 250 ppm is suggested to be beneficial for promoting berry weight and cluster colouration of Flame seedless grapevines.

Therefore, the composting processes could be optimized by the application of the developed simulation model.

[Al- Wasfy, M.M.M. The Synergistic Effects of Using Silicon with Some Vitamins on Growth and Fruiting of Flame Seedless Grapevines. Stem Cell 2014;5(1):8-13]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 3

doi:10.7537/marsscj050114.02

Key words: Silicon, vitamins, yield and fruit quality.

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Yield and Fruit Quality of Zaghloul Date Palms In Relation to Using New Technique of Pollination

Al- Wasfy, M.M.M.

Hort. Dept. Qena Fac, of Agric., South Valley Univ. Egypt

faissalfadel@yahoo.com

Abstract: During 2011 and 2012 seasons, Zaghloul date palms were pollinated through traditional method or via pollen suspensions at various concentrations (1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 g pollens/I water) Pollens were mixed with 2 ml treacle + 2.0 g ascorbic acid + 1.0 g boric acid per each litre of water. Pollination was carried out throughout two days after female spathes cracking at the day time of afternoon by inserting ten fresh male strands / female spathe (traditional method) or with using the four investigated pollen suspensions. The study focused on the effect of this new technique of pollination on yield and fruit quality.  Pollination with pollen suspensions containing 1.0 to 6.0 g pollens / litre of suspension caused a considerable promotion on the percentages of initial fruit setting and fruit retention %, yield, bunch weight as well as fruit weight and dimensions and flesh % in relative to pollination with traditional method. All chemical quality characters except total acidity% tended to reduce with carrying out pollination by pollen suspensions comparing with pollination by traditional; methods. In most cases, increasing concentration of pollens in the suspension from 4 to 6 g had no material effect on all the studied parameters.  Carrying out pollination by spraying suspension of pollens containing 4.0 g pollens + 2 ml treacle + 2.0 g ascorbic acid + 1.0 g boric acid / 1 liter water through two day after female spathes cracking at the day time of afternoon was responsible for promoting yield and fruit quality of Zaghloul date palms. Therefore, the composting processes could be optimized by the application of the developed simulation model.

[Al- Wasfy, M.M.M. Yield And Fruit Quality of Zaghloul Date Palms in Relation to Using New Technique of Pollination. Stem Cell 2014;5(1):14-17]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net. 3

doi:10.7537/marsscj050114.03

Key words: Pollens, pollination, Zaghloul date palms, yield and fruit quality.

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Literatures Introducing of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Stem Cells

Hongbao Ma *, Yan Yang

Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11212, USA, ma8080@gmail.com

Abstract: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR 4) is one of toll-like receptors that detects lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative bacteria. The various TLRs exhibit different expression patterns. TLR 4 is most abundantly expressed in placenta. Mutations of TLR 4 gene have been associated with differences in LPS responsiveness. The molecular weight of TLR 4 is approximately 95 kDa.

[Ma H, Yang Y. Literatures Introducing of Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Stem Cells. Stem Cell 2014;5(1):18-36]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 4

doi:10.7537/marsscj050114.04

Keywords: lipopolysaccharide (LPS); toll-like receptor (TLR); stem cell

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Abstract: Today across global countries “Ganja” is considered as a illegal substance because of its certain Negative effects which promotes ill-health to Human.  This scientific based research article focus that “Ganja” popularly knows as “MARIJUANA” or “CANNABIS” shall be considered as species to “Natural Holistic Plant” called family name “ACEA-e”. The “Acea-e” also shall mean “EZHEM DRUG”, “MOTHER OF DRUGS” originated in prehistoric Land origin “EZHEM” (also called as MARS). In prehistoric Tamil e-DRUG shall be called as “KASAYAM”. It is further focused that “Acea-e” plant shall be considered as having only “THREE CHROMOSOME” considered exist even before origin of “INDO TRIO HERB” called “THRI KADUKAM”. The three chromosome of “Acea-e” plant shall be considered as derived one each from fundamental particles of “J-RADIATION” say photon, Electron, Proton. It is further focused that “THRI KADUKAM” shall be considered as the most fundamental three species derived from “Natural Plant Acea-e” family during the course of time under different subsequent environmental conditions of the Universe. “Thri kadukam” shall also be called as “MOTHER OF MEDICINES”. This research focus that Ganja, Marijuana, cannabis shall be considered as second Generation medicinal species plants derived from “Aceae-e” and classified under different schedule of durgs.  

[V.R.Hema Latha, M. Arulmani. GANJA IS ILLEGAL PLANT?...(A new theory on “Mars Drug”). Stem Cell 2014;5(1):37-51]. (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 5

doi:10.7537/marsscj050114.05

2.      Key Words:

a)                 Philosophy of “MARS DRUGS”

b)                 Philosophy of “DRUGS”

c)                  Philosophy of “MEDICINES”

d)                 Philosophy of “ORGANIC”

e)                  Philosophy of “INORGANIC”

f)                   Philosophy of “MARIJUANA”

g)                 Philosophy of “CANNABIS”

h)                 Philosophy of “INFANT CANNABIST”

i)                   Philosophy of “WHITE WINE”

j)                   Philosophy of “PLANT and TREE”

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Stem Cell Researches Using Animal Mouse

Mark H Smith

Queens, New York 11418, USA

mark20082009@gmail.com

Abstract: Stem Cell is the original of life. All cells come from stem cells. Serving as a repair system for the living body, the stem cells can divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the living body is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell situation or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, a bone cell, a nerve cell, or a brain cell. Stem cell research is a typical and important topic of life science. This material collects some literatures on mouse stem cell.

[Smith M H. Stem Cell Researches Using Animal Mouse. Stem Cell 2014;5(1):52-76] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 6

doi:10.7537/marsscj050114.06

Key words: stem cell; life; gene; DNA; protein; mouse

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Stem Cell Research Review

Mark H Smith

Queens, New York 11418, USA

mark20082009@gmail.com

Abstract: The definition of stem cell is “an unspecialized cell that gives rise to a specific specialized cell, such as a blood cell”. Stem Cell is the original of life. All cells come from stem cells. Serving as a repair system for the living body, the stem cells can divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the living body is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell situation or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, a bone cell, a nerve cell, or a brain cell. Stem cell research is a typical and important topic of life science. This material collects literatures on stem cell researches.

[Smith MH. Stem Cell Research Review. Stem Cell 2014;5(1):77-91] (ISSN 1545-4570). http://www.sciencepub.net/stem. 7

Key words: stem cell; life; gene; DNA; protein; research

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