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GC-MS Study On The Potentials Of Syzygium aromaticum

¹Hema R., ¹S. Kumaravel, ²Sivasubramanian C.

¹Indian Insitute of Crop Processing Technology, Thanjavur

²Dept. of Environment and Herbal Sciences, Tamil University, Thanjavur

hema.scientist@gmail.com

Abstract: Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum, syn. Eugenia aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata) are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisines all over the world. Eugenol comprises 72-90% of the essential oil extracted from cloves, and is the compound most responsible for the cloves' aroma. Other important essential oil constituents of clove oil include acetyl eugenol, beta-caryophyllene and vanillin; crategolic acid; tannins, gallotannic acid, methyl salicylate (painkiller); the flavonoids eugenin, kaempferol, rhamnetin, and eugenitin; triterpenoids like oleanolic acid, stigmasterol and campesterol; and several sesquiterpenes. Eugenol has pronounced antiseptic and anaesthetic properties. Of the dried buds, 15 - 20 percent is essential oils, and the majority of this is eugenol. A kilogram (2.2 lbs) of dried buds yields approximately 150 ml (1/4 of pint) of eugenol. Eugenol can be toxic in relatively small quantities, as low as 5 ml.

[Hema R., S. Kumaravel, Sivasubramanian C. GC-MS Study On The Potentials Of Syzygium aromaticum. Researcher. 2010;2(12):1-4]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.01

Keywords: Clove; Syzygium aromaticum; Eugenia aromaticum; Eugenia caryophyllata; aromatic

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Evaluation Of Huggins’ Constant, Kraemer’s Constant And Viscosity Concentration Co-Efficient Of Polymer Pva (M_w = 1,25,000) In Distilled Water, 1n Naoh And 1N KOH

S.Panda¹, G.C. Mohanty², R.N. Smal³, A.P. Mohapatra⁴, G.S. Roy⁵, M.K.Nayak⁶

1. Dept. of Physics, S.B. Women’s College, Cuttack – 753001, Orissa, India.

2. P.G. Dept. of Physics, G.M. (Auto) College, Sambalpur – 768004,Orissa, India

3. Dept. of Physics, Ravenshaw Univestiy, Cuttack – 753 003, Orissa, India.

4. Dept. of Physics, DRIEMS, Cuttack, Orissa, India

5. Plot No. 6, Budheswari Colony, Bhubaneswar – 751006, Orissa, India.

6. Dept. of Physics, Krupajal Engineering College, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India

subhendu_patnaik@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: Reduced viscosity /C and inherent viscosity ln  /C of dilute solution of PVA (M_w = 1,25,000) have been calculated by measuring the flow time of the polymer solution in solvents like distilled water, 1N NaOH and 1N KOH at six different temperatures ranging from 25⁰C to 50⁰C. From extrapolation of curve (/C) versus C and (ln  /C) versus C, thermoviscosity parameters like Huggins¹ constant (K_H’), Kraemer’s constant (K_H’’) and viscosity concentration co-efficient (a₂) have been estimated, which enable us to know the interaction of the polymer molecules in these solvents.

[S.Panda, G.C. Mohanty, R.N. Smal³, A.P. Mohapatra, G.S. Roy, M.K. Nayak. Evaluation Of Huggins’ Constant, Kraemer’s Constant And Viscosity Concentration Co-Efficient Of Polymer Pva (M_w = 1,25,000) In Distilled Water, 1n Naoh And 1N KOH. Researcher. 2010;2(12):5-9]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.02

Key Words: Huggins’ Constant; Kraemer’s Constant; Intrinsic Viscosity

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The Malaco-Faunal Characteristics of the ‘Sandwiched’ Epe Lagoon, Lagos.

Clement Aghatise Edokpayi and Efe Anthonia Ikharo

Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: Problem Statement: Epe lagoon lays in-between two lagoons the Lagos and the Lekki lagoons which are relatively more documented. The paucity of information on the benthic macro-invertebrate characteristics of this sandwiched lagoon prompted this present work. Approach: A survey of the malacofauna of the sediment from Epe lagoon was carried out between the months of September, 2004 and February, 2005. Eight study Stations, six settlement sites and one site each on a river mouth and an island was chosen for this survey. Samples were collected once every month. Result: The sediment at the Epe lagoon was generally alkaline (pH rang 7.2 – 8.0). All other physico-chemical characteristics analyzed were relatively similar among the sites with slight local temporal variations. The mollusk community at the Epe lagoon was represented by two classes, the gastropoda, made up of three families and five species (Neritina glabarata, Neritina kuramoensis, Pachymelania aurita, Tympanotonus fuscatus var radula and Tympanotonus fuscatus) and the bivalvia, made up of four families and six species (Macoma cumana, Tellina nymphalis, Dosinia isocardia, Mutilus edulis, Tivela tripla and Crassosterea gasar). Conclusion/Recommendation: The mollusk community was dominated by the gastropod which accounted for over 60% of the total number of individuals collected. The occurrence of Neritina kuramoensis in only the brackish water sites of the Epe lagoon further confirms that this species is not a freshwater species. Generally, the diversity indices recorded for the mollusk community at the Epe lagoon was low indicative of a stressed environment.

Key words: Malacofauna, sandwiched lagoon, Epe lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria

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Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)

Yang Yan, Ma Hongbao

1 Brookdale Plaza, Brooklyn, New York 11212, USA

hongbao135@gmail.com

Abstract: Under the condition of low oxygen tension (hypoxia) for cells and tissues it leads to the transcriptional induction of genes that participate in angiogenesis, iron metabolism, glucose metabolism, and cell proliferation/survival. The primary factor mediating this response is the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF consists of an oxygen-regulated subunit HIF-1α, HIF-1β, HIF-2α and HIF-3α. The stability and activity of HIF-α are regulated by the post-translational modifications such as hydroxylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and phosphorylation, etc. Overexpression of HIF-1 has been found in disease condition.

[Yang Yan, Ma Hongbao. Hypoxia inducible factor. Researcher. 2010;2(12):17-23]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.04

Keywords: hypoxia; hypoxia inducible factor (HIF); HIF-1α; HIF-1β; HIF-2α; HIF-3α; oxygen

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Isolation, characterization and evaluation of tree legume rhizobia

S.Lalitha¹ and K.Santhaguru²

Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641004, lara9k@yahoo.co.in.

^IICentre for Research and P.G. Department of Botany

Thiagarajar College (Autonomous), Madurai-625006, Tamilnadu.

lara9k@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Tree legumes contribute much to global nitrogen fixation. Nitrogen is one of the major elements available to plants through biological nitrogen fixation, which has received much attention in recent years. The present study aims at isolation and characterization of tree legume rhizobia and evaluation of tree legume rhizobia on the basis of dry matter yield, nodule dry weight, total nitrogen content and total chlorophyll content of the leaves. Rhizobial isolates viz., AlL01 (from Albizzia lebbeck), PiD07 (from Pithecolobium dulce), SeG01 (from Sesbania grandiflora), AlA02 (from Albizzia amara), EnS08 (from Enterolobium saman), ErI06 (from Erythrina indica), LeL0 (from Leucaena leucocephala), AcM05 (from Acacia mellifera), PoG01 (from Pongamia glabra) and AcA04 (from Acacia auriculiformis) and were characterized. AcM05 (from Acacia mellifera) was the most efficient strain.

[S. Lalitha and K.Santhaguru. Isolation, characterization and evaluation of tree legume rhizobia. Researcher. 2010;2(12):24-31]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.05

Key words: Rhizobia, tree legume, nitrogen fixation, bio chemical characterization, dry matter yield

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Effect Of Organic, Organomineral And Npk Fertilizer On Nutritional Quality Of Amaranthus In Lagos, Nigeria

¹Makinde, E.A. ^2*Ayeni, L. S and, ³Ojeniyi, S.O^{1 4}Odedina J.N.

¹Department of Botany, Lagos State University, Ojo, Lagos, Nigeria.

²University of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science and Land Management, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

²Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704, Akure, Nigeria.

⁴University of Agriculture, College of Plant Science, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

^2* Author for correspondence. leye_sam@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: In Nigeria, organic fertilizers are being developed from organic and farm wastes and these can be fortified with inorganic. Therefore eight fertilizer treatments namely: (1) control (no fertilizer), (2) Pacesetter Grade B organic fertilizer (PGB) at 3t/ha 100%, (3) 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizer, (4) PGB + NPK fertilizer (75:25), (5) PGB + NPK (50:50), (6) Kola pod husk (KPH) at 3t/ha 100%, (7) KPH + NPK (75:25), and (8) KPH + NPK (50:50), were applied to amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus). Residual effect on second and third crops was also studied. Proximate analysis was done to determine crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ash and ether extract (EE). The PGB and KPH alone or combined with reduced level of NPK generally increased CP, ash and EE significantly on immediate and residual basis. The organic fertilizers had more residual effect than NPK. Organic materials alone or combined with NPK reduced CF especially on residual basis. Compared with organic materials, NPK gave least values of CP, ash, CF and EE. Application of KPH + NPK (50:50), KPH and PGB gave highest values of CP and ash respectively. Integrated application of organic fertilizers and NPK gave highest values of EE in order PGB + NPK (50:50), KPH + NPK (50:50), and PGB + NPK (75:25). Organic fertilizers and OMF maintain adequate CP and EE in first and second crops whereas NPK did not maintain adequate CP in second crop.

[Makinde, E. A. Ayeni, L. S and Ojeniyi, S.O Odedina J. N. Effect Of Organic, Organomineral And Npk Fertilizer On Nutritional Quality Of Amaranthus In Lagos, Nigeria. Researcher. 2010;2(12):32-36]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.06

Key Words: Ash, crude protein, fibre, residual effect, integration

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Studies On The Utilization Of Only Fly Ash In Reclamation Of Coal Mine Spoils: A Case Study

Arvind Kumar Rai¹, Biswajit Paul², Gurdeep Singh³

Research Scholar¹, Assistant Professor², Professor & Head³

Department of Environmental Science & Engg

Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand

arvind_dese@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT: Indian coal being high in ash content of about 35- 45%. In the process of thermal power generation the country is producing high amount of fly ash. Due to high volume of fly ash generation in the thermal power plant, it creates a serious problem of disposal in relation to environmental problems. But fly ash contains many nutrients for plant growth. It has also shown to correct increase the nutrient uptake by crops grown in earthen pot. The present paper discusses the utilization of fly ash of Bokaro thermal power station in reclamation of coal mine spoils. Cymbopogon flexuous has been selected for this research work.

[Arvind Kumar Rai, Biswajit Paul, Gurdeep Singh. Studies On The Utilization Of Only Fly Ash In Reclamation Of Coal Mine Spoils: A Case Study. Researcher. 2010;2(12):37-41]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.07

Key Words: Fly ash, Bulk density, Available phosphorus, Reclamation

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Determinants of consumers’ Preference for Safe Chicken Consumption in Imo State, Nigeria

Nnamdi Chukwuemeka Ehirim

Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

ehinadykus@yahoo.com

Abstract: The need to improve the economic value of chicken sold in the market and the health condition of most consumers in Imo State requires that consumers’ preference for quality chicken product be enhanced. This study estimated the level of confidence consumers of the product have built on the safety nets provided by NAFDAC and isolate the factors affecting the preference for safe chicken demand in Imo State. Data for the study were obtained from 80 consumers of the product across the three zones of the state using a multi-stage sampling technique. Study analyses were based on simple descriptive statistics, cross tabular analysis and logit regression estimates. The result showed that school curriculum education process and informal source of information are the major sources of information of chicken safety net. While the former source may not expose the recent cause of safety crisis, the later source is unorganized unguided by facts and very contagious, leading to market instability if found untrue. Consumers prefer personal assessment to safety through good sanitary condition and the use of food labels. Though there is an increasing preference for food safety in the state, consumers patronizes open market system despite its unorganized safety habits and lack of improved technology to facilitate confidence for reliable safety of the product. The open market lacks NAFDAC standard and offers cheap services to most consumers. It was very surprisingly to find that consumers’ level of education, bid amount for safety and the number of safety information sources have an inverse relationship with the probability that a consumer will make preference for safe product. Education and the number of safety information sources performed otherwise because of cost implication of safety nets. Consumers cannot afford the cost of safe chicken in the areas despite their level of education. Consumers’ most times compromise food safety. Again, it was found that increasing the consumers’ age, income and household food expenditure will improve the chances of preference for safe chicken products in the area. The study therefore, recommends a technological enhancement and acquisition of storage facilities such as refrigerators and oven with constant power supply to preserve the product at all times, strict daily check of the product by NAFDAC, and affordability of safety services by the consumers in the state.

[Nnamdi Chukwuemeka Ehirim. Determinants of consumers’ Preference for Safe Chicken Consumption in Imo State, Nigeria. Researcher. 2010;2(12):42-50]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.08

Key Words: Food safety, consumers’ preference, safety nets, chicken products and consumers

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Effect Of Cocoa Pod Ash And Poultry Manure Combinations On Soil And Plant Nutrient Contents And Performance Of Maize – Screenhouse Experiment.

1 Adeleye, E.O and Ayeni L.S.

Department of Agricultural Science, Adeyemi College of Education, PMB 520, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria.

leye_sam@yahoo.com

ABSTRACT: A Screenhouse experiment was conducted in 2005 and 2006 on single application of cocoa pod ash (0. 5 and 10t ha ^-1), poultry manure (0, 5 and 10t ha ^-1) and their residual effects on soil chemical properties, nutrient content and yield components of maize in Southwest Nigeria. There were nine treatment combinations replicated three times in a completely randomized design. After treatments application in 2005, the pot soil were left without treatments application in 2006 to determine their residual effects. Compared with control, cocoa pod ash and poultry manure applied significantly increased (p<0.05) soil OM, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn. In 2005, when cocoa pod ash was combined with poultry manure at the rate of 10 t ha-1 each, increases in OM, P, Fe, Zn and Mn were lower than when 5tha ^-1 of cocoa pod ash was combined with 10tha ^-1 poultry manure. 10 t ha-1 of cocoa pod ash reduced soil Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn compared with 10t ha ^-1 poultry manure. Poultry manure at all rates significantly (P < 0.05) increased tissue N, P, K, Ca and Mg compared with control. Cocoa pod ash increased tissue N. K, Ca, Mg Zn, and Mn in 2005 and increased K, Zn, and Fe in 2006. Cocoa pod ash combined with poultry manure increased plant N, P, K, Ca and Mg compared with control. All the treatment combinations significantly (P < 0.05) increased plant height, stover, dry root matter and grain yield. The increases in yield in 2005 were 11% (C₀P₅), 61% (C₀P₁₀), 32% (C₅P₀) 64% (C₅P₅), 68% (C₅P₁₀), 9% (C₁₀P₅), and 57% (C₁₀P₁₀) while the increases in 2006 were 44% (C₀P₅), 98% (C₀P₁₀), 9% (C₅P₀), 34% (C₀P₀), 17% (C₅P₅), 99% (C₅P₁₀) 53% (C₀P₅) and 94% (C₀P₁₀).

[Adeleye, E.O and Ayeni L.S. Effect Of Cocoa Pod Ash And Poultry Manure Combinations On Soil And Plant Nutrient Contents And Performance Of Maize – Screenhouse Experiment. Researcher. 2010;2(12):51-56]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.09

Keywords: Effect; Cocoa; Pod; Ash; Poultry; Manure; Soil; Nutrient

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The Effect of Inorganic Nanocrystals on the Properties of High –Temperature Superconductors

* Mohammad Reza Saboktakin^1,2 , Abel Maharramov², Mohammad Ali Ramazanov²

1 Nanostructured Materials Synthesis Lab., International Research Institute of Arian Chemie Gostar,Tabriz,Iran

2 Nanotechnology Research Center, Baku State University, Baku , Azerbaijan

saboktakin123@yahoo.com

Abstract: The great increase of magnetical and electrical properties of 1-2-3 superconductors were observed with inorganic nanocrystals as starting materials.Nanocrystalline copper and barium oxide powders are obtained with the average particle size ~ 30nm by refluxing hydrated barium and copper hydroxide precipitate. The results show that crystals of a finite size may assume a modified morphology and /or crystal structure so that the atoms, especially those at the surface,can adopt the most stable equilibrium configuration of minimal energy.

[Mohammad Reza Saboktakin, Abel Maharramov, Mohammad Ali Ramazanov. The Effect of Inorganic Nanocrystals on the Properties of High –Temperature Superconductors. Researcher. 2010;2(12):57-61]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.10

Keywords: alloys, superconductors, nanostructures , magnetic materials

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Transgenics: Why Their Adoption And Consumption Should Be Approached With Caution In Nigeria

¹P. C. Aju And ²I. O. Ezeibekwe

¹ Department of Forestry and Environmental Management Technology,

Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo-Ohaji. P.M.B. 1472, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

E-mail: chuksaju@yahoo.com

²Imo State University, Owerri, Imo state.

Abstract: Genetic Engineering which involves the removal of genetic material from one organism and splicing it into the chromosomes of another is today set to revolutionalize agriculture. It has given rise to a new set of organisms known as Genetically Modified Organism (GMOs or transgenics). The major advantage of GMO crops are yield increases as well as reduction in pesticide and herbicide use. According to a report by an industry group GMO crops are today flourishing across the globe accounting for about US$44 billion in crops in five leading countries including the US, Argentina, China, Canada and Brazil. Worldwide, 53 million hectares were planted with GMO crops in 2002 with the US accounting for 68% of that average. About 15% of all corn, 30% of all cotton and more than 50% of soyabean grown across the world today are genetically engineered. In spite of their high potential however, there is need to exercise caution in the adoption and consumption GMO crops in Nigeria. Their health and environmental implications are yet to be subjected to long term scientific investigations. Fallouts from past scientific discoveries give credence to this call. For instance, nobody new at the time DDT was discovered that DDT sprayed over a broad area would be bio-magnified through the food chain and concentrated hundreds of thousands of times in the human body. As well, when CFCs were created, they were hailed as a great discovery-inert compounds, great carriers for aerosol sprays. Only when millions of tons of CFCs were liberated into air many years later did we discover their scavenging effect on ozone in the upper atmosphere.

[P. C. Aju And I. O. Ezeibekwe. Transgenics: Why Their Adoption And Consumption Should Be Approached With Caution In Nigeria. Researcher. 2010;2(12):62-66]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.11

Keywords: Genetic Engineering, Genetically Modified Organisms, Transgenics, Biotechnology, resistant traits, Bio magnification, technology Users Agreement, Chlorofluorocarbons

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Data hiding Algorithm for Bitmap Images using Steganography

Mamta Juneja

Department of computer science and Engineering,RBIEBT,Sahuran

er_mamta@yahoo.com

Abstract: Steganography is related to cryptography and is the basis for many of the digital watermarking techniques currently being developed. The interest in data hiding has risen with the recent activity in digital copyright protection schemes. As the information age progresses and data become more and more valuable, methods need to be discovered to protect and secure sensitive data. This paper will discuss the applications of steganography including hiding data within: text, mpeg layer three and images. This paper also covers basic algorithm for implementing steganography within bitmap images.

[Mamta Juneja. Data hiding Algorithm for Bitmap Images using Steganography. Researcher. 2010;2(12):67-73]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.12

Keywords: Steganography, Bitmap images, Cryptography

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Fungicidal effects of organic soil amendments on some Fungi diseases and yield of soybean (glycine max)

 G.O. Ihejirika, M.I. Nwufo, and C. A. Amaechi.

DEPARTMENT OF CROP SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY,

FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, PMB 1526, OWERRI. NIGERIA.

ihegab@yahoo.com

Abstract : Effect of organic soil amendment on some fungi disease and research farm, federal University of Technology Owerri, (FUTO) during the 2007 cropping season. FUTO is located 5⁰ 27¹ North and 7⁰02¹ East with an altitude of 90.91m. The result of the experiment showed that cow dung performed best when compared to pig dung not only in the agronomic characters analyzed but also in the areas of diseases severity in all the seasons investigated. Local variety showed least susceptibility to leaf spot disease (7.78%) while Max 34 showed more susceptibility (8.89%) at 4 weeks after planting and cow dung (11.99%) was lowest. There was significant difference in rust disease severity at 8 weeks after planting at 5% probability level. The interaction of local variety and cow dung treated plots recorded lowest disease severity while highest diseases severity was on the control treated plots with max 32. Max 34 performed best in the reduction of the severity of all the diseases investigated. Blight disease was the highest in control (15.67%) but lowest yield when pig dung (12.33%) recorded lowest blight severity among the varieties of soybean used but high yield tons/ha. Among the treatment combinations control x Max 32 recorded the highest disease severity (30.33%) while cow dung x Max 34 had the lowest severity (13.67%) as well as highest yield tons/ha.

[G.O. Ihejirika, M.I. Nwufo, and C. A. Amaechi. Fungicidal effects of organic soil amendments on some Fungi diseases and yield of soybean (glycine max). Researcher. 2010;2(12):74-79]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.13

Keywords: Fungicidal, Organic, Soil amendments, Fungi diseases, Yield, Soybean

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Distribution And Microbiological Characterisation Of Dermatophytes Infection Among Primary School Children In Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria

Sanuth Hassan A*. Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA), Alausa, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria

Efuntoye Moses O. Department of Biological Sciences, Ogun State University, P.M.B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

aitch_ay@yahoo.co.uk

Abtract: Investigations were carried out on the distribution of dermatophytes infection among primary School Children in Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Southern Nigeria. Out of a total population of 1404, 274 representing 19.52% of the children were found to be infected by the disease. The commonest dermatophytes infection among the children was Tinea capitis accounting for 82.4% of the infection. The infection was common among the male than the female and found to be frequent among the children between ages of 7 and 10 years. It was prevalent among families whose socio-economic status is below average. Thirteen species of dermatophytes were isolated from the various forms of the infection, Tinea capitis has the highest number of fungal isolates and the most common causative organism is Microsporium audouinii. The sources of infection among the school children in this area were found to be the soil and domestic animals.

[Sanuth Hassan A, Efuntoye Moses O. Distribution And Microbiological Characterisation Of Dermatophytes Infection Among Primary School Children In Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. Researcher. 2010;2(12):80-85]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.14

Keywords: Microbiological Characterisation; Dermatophyte; Infection; Primary School Children; Nigeria

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Rabies In 5-Week-Old Puppies In Jos, Plateau State Nigeria: A Case Report.

Kujul., N.N¹, Banyigyi¹, S.A¹, Abechi, A.S²., and Moses, G.D².

1. Federal College of Animal Health & Production Technology, NVRI, Vom.

2. Central Diagnostic and Epidemiology Division, NVRI, Vom.

Corresponding Author: Tel:+234(0)8035063230. Email: mosesgyang@yahoo.com

SUMMARY: Rabies has been an endemic disease in Nigeria with vaccination and control of stray dogs as the major control measures. The disease remains one of the most important zoonoses in the country. A clinical case reported to the veterinary clinic, FCAH&PT, NVRI, Vom in February 2006 is being reviewed. The occurrence of rabies in 5-week old puppies that is below the recommended 3 months age of vaccination is a thing of concern. Equally disturbing is the fact that the puppies are off-springs of a dam vaccinated with MLV/CEO, LEP, an indigenous vaccine. Possible factors responsible for the puppies succumbing to the disease are discussed and recommendations made.

[Kujul, N.N, Banyigyi, S.A, Abechi, A.S., and Moses, G.D. Rabies In 5-Week-Old Puppies In Jos, Plateau State Nigeria: A Case Report. Researcher. 2010;2(12):86-88]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.15

Keywords: Rabies, 5-week-old puppies and vaccinated dam

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Relation Of Smoking And Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) To Hepatic Fibrosis In Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Ehab H Nashaat , Mohamed AM Makhlouf, Emad A Awad, Amal M El-Afifi, Ameer Helmy and *Mohammad Abolfotouh

Departments of Inetrnal Medicine and * Clinical Pathology, Ain Shams University

ehabnashaat@hotmail.com

Background: Liver fibrosis is an important pathological event in chronic hepatitis (CHC) patients that eventually progresses to liver cirrhosis. Host factors can affect the progression of liver fibrogenesis in CHC patients. Pathologic angiogenesis is linked to necroinflammation and fibrosis in CHC patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major pro-angiogenic factor, trigerred by hypoxia as in smokers, to stimulate angiogenesis and perpetuate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Aim of this study: was to assess serum VEGF in smoker and non-smoker CHC patients in relation to liver inflammation and fibrosis. Patients and methods: We determined serum VEGF level by competitive enzyme immunoassay method (ng/L) in 60 CHC patients and 30 healthy controls. The studied 60 CHC patients were divided into: group I (30 smoker CHC patients) and group II (30 non-smoker CHC patients). 30 healthy controls were included in group III. Complete blood count (CBC), liver biochemical profile including: serum ALT, AST, bilirubin, albumin and prothrombin time were determined for all groups. Serological diagnosis by determination of HCV-antibodies was done in group I and group II in addition to determination of viral load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological diagnosis according to histological activity index (HAI) was done in CHC patients who were naïve to antiviral therapy. Results: We found significantly increased serum VEGF level in CHC patients compared to controls and in group I compared to group II (403±96.5 vs 320.5±102.8 vs 49.5±23.31, F= 18.4, P<0.01). Serum VEGF was significantly correlated to fibrosis stage in group I (r= 0.64, P<0.01) and group II (r= 0.38, P< 0.05). Serum VEGF was significantly correlated to grade of inflammation in group I (r= 0.72, P<0.01) and group II (r= 0.42, P<0.05). Significant fibrosis (F ³S2) was present in higher percentage of smoker than non-smoker CHC patients (c²= 14.8, P<0.01) and serum VEGF was correlated with number of cigarettes/day in group I (r= 0.61, P<0.01). Conclusion: We concluded that serum VEGF stimulated by smoking and possibly other hypoxic condition, is involved in pathological angiogenesis which is linked to fibrosis progression in CHC patients. Smoking seems to be a prognostic factor in CHC patients with impact on fibrosis progression and response to antiviral therapy.

[Ehab H Nashaat, Mohamed AM Makhlouf, Emad A Awad, Amal M El-Afifi, Ameer Helmy and *Mohammad Abolfotouh. Relation Of Smoking And Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) To Hepatic Fibrosis In Chronic Hepatitis C Patients. Researcher. 2010;2(12):89-96]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.16

Keywords: Smoking; Serum; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF); Hepatic Fibrosis; Chronic Hepatitis C; Patients

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Towards Studying in Telecom Services of e-Governance

Rajeev Kumar

Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh-244001

Email: rajeevprof@gmail.com

Abstract: In the development of this project I have included some appropriate feature which make this Project more reliable to use and implement it, with this project concern organization can handle all type of information. The concern organization, there are so many modules and this project name “TELECOM SERVICES”. Here I am going to give some information about this project in introduction.

[Rajeev Kumar, Towards Studying in Telecom Services of e-Governance, Researcher. 2010;2(12):97-104]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.17

Keywords: e-Governance, Management system, Telecom services, Administrator

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Alterations of Hemostatic and Inflammatory Markers in Neonatal Infections in Egypt

Eman M. El-Sayed¹, Lobna M.Saber², Eitedal M. Daoud ³ and Maha M. Abd El Latif ³

1. Food Sciences and Nutrition Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

2. Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

3. Complementary Medicine Researches & Applications, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt

Emanalsayed2000@yahoo.com

Abstract: Infection often causes systemic activation of both inflammation and coagulation that may have major consequences for the pathogenesis of microvascular failure and subsequent organ failure. Studies on coagulation focus mainly on adults, seldom have been done on sick newborns. This research was designed to investigate the effect of infection on the balance between tissue factor (TF) and its inhibitor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) (measures of coagulation) and to elucidate the association between TF, TFPI and C-reactive protein (CRP, measure for inflammation) in jaundiced newborns. Anthropometric data including birth weight, length, and head circumference showed non significant changes between infected jaundiced newborns (cases) and jaundiced neonates (controls). Meanwhile plasma TF, TFPI, CRP, bilirubin, and blood hemoglobin (Hb) levels were extremely elevated in infected jaundiced newborns as compared to jaundiced neonates. TFPI/TF ratio was extremely low in cases as compared to controls. Plasma calcium concentration exhibited no changes in both groups. TFPI in cases displayed significant positive correlations with TF and CRP and a marked negative correlation with Hb. No correlations were found between TFPI/TF and CRP and other determined parameters in cases. These observations suggest that each of TF, TFPI and CRP is of diagnostic value for infections. In addition, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant therapies besides antibiotics may be adjuvant management strategies for infections.

[Eman M. El-Sayed, Lobna M.Saber, Eitedal M. Daoud and Maha M. Abd El Latif. Alterations of Hemostatic and Inflammatory Markers in Neonatal Infections in Egypt. Researcher. 2010;2(12):105-112]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.18

Key Words: infection; tissue factor; tissue factor pathway inhibitor; C. reactive protein; hemoglobin; calcium

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Diversity And Abundance Of Spider Fauna Of Narmada River At Rajghat (Barwani) (Madhya Pradesh) India

*Shailendra Sharma, **Amrita Vyas, **Rekha Sharma

*Department of Zoology, Shri Umiya Girls College, Mandleshwar -451221 (M.P.) INDIA.

**Department of Zoology, Holkar Science College, Indore-452003 (M.P.) INDIA.

shailendra.b.sharma@gmail.com; amritavyas2008@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: The Biodiversity of Narmada valley having rich biodiversity of spiders. The spiders of Narmada valley were collected from Barwani from last week of August to Jan. 2010, using insect nets, tapping sticks, umbrella. Pit fall trap etc. During this study 117 specimens were collected from the Rajghat (Barwani). 44 species were identify belonging to 12 Families. Among the specimens most of the individuals were adult and few females were observed the Family Araneidae represented 13 species, Salticidae represented 9 species, Oxyopidae 3, and Eracidae 4 species, Theriddidae 3, and Thomosidae represented 2 species , Lycosidae 3 and Pholcidae represented 2 species. Families Clubionidae 1, Philodromide 1, Tetragnathidae 2, Uloboridae, represent 1 species. The population of Spiders was abundant species richness and diversity was high during the month of October to December.

[Shailendra Sharma, Amrita Vyas, Rekha Sharma. Diversity And Abundance Of Spider Fauna Of Narmada River At Rajghat (Barwani) (Madhya Pradesh) India. Researcher. 2010;2(12):113-117]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher.

doi:10.7537/marsrsj021210.19

KEY WORDS: Spiders, Biodiversity, Insect, Rajghat, Narmada valley

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