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The Influence of Toktogul Reservoir on the Variability of Naryn River Flow

Fazliddin Khikmatov¹, Barkamol Rapikov²

¹Department of Land Hydrology, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek,
Tashkent, Uzbekistan

² Department of Geography and Environmental Protection, Namangan State University

Abstract. The article is devoted to assessing the impact of the Toktogul reservoir based on variability of the annual flow of the Naryn River. Toktogul Reservoir is the largest reservoir in Central Asia; its construction began in 1962 and was completed in 1975. The reservoir's total (designed) water capacity is 19.5 km³, and the useful volume is 14.0 km³. In the study, special attention is paid to the study of the influence of the conditions of the reservoir used in the irrigation and energy regimes on the river flow. Statistical indicator of the river flow variability - coefficient of variation (C_v) was determined for three calculation periods. The value of the variation coefficient of the annual flow of the Naryn River for the natural water regime, i.e., accounting period I (1930-1974), was equal to C_v=0.22. During accounting period II (1975-1994), when the Toktogul reservoir was operated in the irrigation mode, the variation coefficient of the annual flow of the Naryn River was equal to C_v=0.24. It was determined that the value of the variation coefficient calculated for accounting period III (1995-2020), when the Toktogul reservoir operated in the energy mode, was equal to C_v=0.10. As a result, it has been shown that the value of the variation coefficient of Naryn River flow has decreased with the transition of the water reservoir from irrigation mode to energy mode operation.

[Fazliddin Kh., at el. The Influence of Toktogul Reservoir on the Variability of Naryn River Flow. Nat Sci 2025,23(5):1-6]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 01. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.01

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Ways To Develop Active Tourism In Uzbekistan

AKTIV TURIZMNI O‘ZBEKISTONDA RIVOJLANTIRISH YO‘LLARI

ПУТИ РАЗВИТИЯ АКТИВНОГО ТУРИЗМА В УЗБЕКИСТАНЕ

Egamberdiyeva Yulduz Xamroqul qizi

Oriental Universiteti Uzluksiz ta’lim kafedrasi dotsenti

Tel.: +998909014448

e-mail: syulduz0111@gmail.com

Abstract. Active tourism is a rapidly growing segment of the global travel industry, offering numerous health, social, and economic benefits. Uzbekistan, with its diverse geography and rich natural resources, possesses considerable potential for the development of active tourism, particularly in its mountainous and rural regions. However, despite recent governmental interest in tourism development, active tourism remains an underutilized resource due to infrastructural deficiencies, low public awareness, and lack of specialized services. This theoretical study analyzes the current state of active tourism in Uzbekistan based on secondary data and international best practices. The paper identifies key barriers to development and proposes strategic recommendations focused on infrastructure investment, capacity building, community involvement, and sustainability. The findings suggest that active tourism can serve as a catalyst for regional development and public health improvement, provided that an integrated and well-supported policy framework is implemented.

[Egamberdiyeva Yulduz Xamroqul qizi. Ways To Develop Active Tourism In Uzbekistan.Nat Sci 2025,23(5):7-9]. ISSN 1545-0740 (print); ISSN 2375-7167 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature 02. doi:10.7537/marsnsj230525.02

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