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Influence of Growing Media and Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Extract on the Establishment of Black Pepper Vine Cuttings

Tajudeen Bamidele Akinrinola and Rebecca Akwele Anyanumeh

Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

tb.akinrinola@gmail.com

Abstract: Cultivating black pepper for culinary preparation and medicinal purposes is challenged by inadequate planting materials for field establishment. Seed propagation does not produce true-to-type seedlings, while vegetative methods have poor survival rates. Modern technology and imported growing media are too expensive for resource-poor farmers. Hence, there is a need to investigate locally available rooting media and hormones (Aloe vera-Av) on black pepper vine establishment. In a 2×9 factorial experiment, two rooting hormone (+Av and -Av) and nine growing media: T1 (100% Rice hulls), T2 (75% Rice hulls + 25% Soil), T3 (50% Rice hulls + 50% Soil), T4 (25% Rice hulls + 75% Soil), T5 (100% Sawdust), T6 (75% Sawdust + 25% Soil), T7 (50% Sawdust + 50% Soil), T8 (25% Sawdust + 75% Soil) and T9 (100% Soil) were evaluated in completely randomised design replicated four times. The +Av treated vine-cuttings had significantly lesser days for sprouting and enhanced vine length and leaf area than -Av. Vines grown in T6 (10.33) and T8 (11.00) had lower days to sprouting and more vine length than the other treatments but were similar to T9. The T1 did not support the vine-cutting establishment. The interactions of Av with growing media were significant for the parameters observed. Days to sprouting ranged from 10.33 (T6 × +Av) to 22.00 days (T2 × -Av and T4 × -Av). The 75% Sawdust + 25% Soil, 25% Sawdust + 75% Soil and 100% Soil media with Aloe vera gel promotes black pepper establishment.

[Akinrinola TB, Anyanumeh RA. Influence of Growing Media and Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. Extract on the Establishment of Black Pepper Vine Cuttings. N Y Sci J 2025;18(4):1-9]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys180425.01

Keywords: Aloe vera extract; growing media; days to sprouting; vegetative propagation

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Jiang Gravitational Formula

Chun-Xuan Jiang

China Aerospace Science And Technology Corporation

P. O. Box 142-206, Beijing 100854, P. R. China

J136211668701@163.com;

Abstract: Using the space-time ring we establish the mathematical theory of space-time with subluminal and superluminal coexistence(SASC). Using two methods we deduce the Jiang gravitational formula. Tardyonic rotating motion produces the centrifugal force, but tachyonic rotating motion produces the centripetal force, that is gravity. Using it we establish the expansion theory of the universe and suggest the new universe model. Jiang gravitational formula changes all that. Using it we prove that in the universe there are no dark matters,no dark energies ,no gravitational waves,no quantum entanglements,no quantum computers,no Higgs particles and no black holes. We prove that the equivalence principle is not exist . Theory of everything has two forces :(1) the subluminal forces (electromagnetism and weak force) and (2) superluminal forces (gravity and strong force).Using it we prove that quantum information theory is unobservable and non-locality.

[Chun-Xuan Jiang. Jiang Gravitational Formula . N Y Sci J 2025;18(4):10-20]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys180425.02

Keywords: space-time; mathematical theory; subluminal; superluminal coexistence(SASC); gravitational formula; motion; centripetal force; expansion theory; universe

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Sustainable Soil Management: A Challenge for Sustainable Agriculture in Tropical Regions

Ruth Adenike KOREDE, Oluwakorede Ipoola SALAWU, and Henry Olalekan IBIRONKE

Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Abstract: Soil degradation caused by poor management has become a major global issue, especially in tropical areas where high temperatures and heavy rainfall are the norm. This degradation takes a toll on agricultural productivity, food security, and the overall quality of the environment. Tropical soils often lack organic matter and essential nutrients due to severe weathering, leading to problems like nutrient leaching and erosion. These challenges are made worse by practices such as slash-and-burn agriculture, which not only strip the soil of nutrients but also lead to deforestation and increased greenhouse gas emissions. To counter these negative effects, it's vital to implement effective soil management strategies that enhance soil fertility and support agricultural productivity. Integrated nutrient management (INM) strategies are key to maintaining soil health, as they blend organic and inorganic fertilization methods with conservation techniques. Using compost, manure, and green manure can boost organic matter levels, while careful application of inorganic fertilisers provides the necessary nutrients for crops to thrive. Even with the natural limitations of tropical soils, sustainable practices like no-tillage, cover cropping, and crop rotation can greatly enhance soil quality and promote eco-friendly farming. Identifying nutrient deficiencies and employing advanced fertiliser application techniques are crucial for increasing crop yields and ensuring agricultural productivity. By embracing these methods, farmers can achieve lasting agricultural sustainability in tropical regions, ultimately supporting food security and environmental resilience.

[Ruth Adenike KOREDE, Oluwakorede Ipoola SALAWU, and Henry Olalekan IBIRONKE. Sustainable Soil Management: A Challenge for Sustainable Agriculture in Tropical Regions. N Y Sci J 2025;18(4):21-31]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys180425.03

Keywords: Crop productivity, Soil amendments, Soil nutrient depletion, Tropical soils, soil fertility improvement

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Astro-climatic Numerical Periodic Tables - a revisit and review

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  It is fact that the position and motion of celestial objects can be used to predict both seasonal climate and weather. Between 1991-2000 years, I conducted many researches and studies on the astronomical forces and its effects on the earth climate and designed  Numerical Weather Periodic Tables with 21 blocks, each block containing certain prescribed cycle of years in which similar calendar years repeating one after another that leads similar weather conditions of those previous years to future years likely repeating every year approximately  to study the monsoon and it’s weather conditions and natural calamities. Weather Periodic Tables is very useful in studying  monsoonal climate  and its weather changes and natural calamities in advance. Although weakened by forecasting property with less successive rate and reliability ambiguity rate, it is a primary natural biological forecasting method. Let’s discuss this issue.  

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Astro-climatic Numerical Periodic Tables - a revisit and review. N Y Sci J 2025;18(4):32-105]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04. doi:10.7537/marsnys180425.04

Keywords: Bioforecast(1965-70), A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77), Inquisition(1977-79), Basics of Geoscope (1980-87), Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91), Indian Monsoon Time Scale(1991), Researches on Earth and space related issues(1991-2000), Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10), Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20), Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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