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Sahara, Scotland, Saudi Arabia, China and many more deserts turning green now, why?  That is prophecy of fulfillment of monsoon time scales and there may be more ahead — need to develop the Indo Australian Monsoon Time Scale: a revisit and review

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: Currently, all the world deserts like Sahara, Scotland, Saudi Arabia, China are turning green. Why is it happening? Scientists and priests and others are commenting on this in various ways.  Actually why this is happening is that the monsoons and climate changes will travel in peak condition until around 2075 and will cause climate changes including heavy rains and floods across the world countries. Particularly, According to the reports Global Monsoon Time Scales, it is known that there will be major global climate changes in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. So the countries of the world have built Monsoon Time Scales for their respective Monsoon regions to sense climate change early. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of the climate changes. Plans can be made accordingly. I call on the world scientists to design and establish the Indo Australian Monsoon Time Scale following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice.   

[Gangadhar. Sahara, Scotland, Saudi Arabia, China and many more deserts turning green now, why?  That is prophecy of fulfillment of monsoon time scales and there may be more ahead — need to develop the Indo Australian Monsoon Time Scale : a revisit and review. N Y Sci J 2025;18(9):1-50]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys180925.01 

Keywords:   Global Monsoons Time Scales; North American Monsoon Time Scale; North African Monsoon Time Scale; Indian Monsoons Time Scale; East Asian Monsoon Time Scale; Western North Pacific Monsoon Time Scale; South American Monsoon Time Scale; South African Monsoon Time Scale; Australian Monsoon Time Scale; European Monsoon Time Scale

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Assessing of distance learning in adult education

Abbas Emami ¹ , Maryam Khodamoradi² , Mehran Bozorgmanesh ³ and Esmaeel Ghorbani ⁴

^1,2,3,4 Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran

*Corresponding author: mehran11070@yahoo.com

Abstract: The adult education process drives towards the achievement of the capability to individually use reason on the subject matter in question. Adult education is oriented at the use, at any age, of attitudes and skills prone to clarifying any distortions in communication, favouring “why,” “how,” “when” and “where” as well as the “what for” in all situations. Adult learners are often those that distinguish each other and have many different targets at the same time and will follow a common challenge to fulfill the goals of building self motivation vectors as educational materials to learn and use the forge.

[Abbas Emami, Maryam Khodamoradi, Mehran Bozorgmanesh and Esmaeel Ghorbani. Assessing of distance learning in adult education. N Y Sci J 2025;18(9):51-55]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys180925.02

Keywords: distance learning; adult education

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The main problems of Shanghai Cooperation Organization enlargement at the present stage

Serik Stambulov¹, Shotbakova Lyazzat², Zhabina Zhansaya¹, Gulnur Orazbekova³

^1. Department  of International Relations, Kazakh University of the international relations and world languages named after Abylay khan, Muratbaev Street 200,  Almaty, Kazakhstan

^2. Department of Archeology, Ethnology, and National History, Karaganda State University named after Evnei Arystanovich Buketov, Universitetskaya Street 28, 1000028, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

^3. Department of World History and International Relations, Karaganda State University named after Evnei Arystanovich Buketov, Universitetskaya Street 28, 1000028, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

serstam@mail.ru

Abstract: Today, the most acute question in Shanghai organization is the organization’s enlargement, and a possibility of acceptance of new members to its membership, and if so, what states will have the status of SCO full members. Theme of enlargement does not lose its special relevance since 2004-2005, when Mongolia, Pakistan, India and Iran received an observer status. The growing importance of SCO observer states’ issue  is a reference point for analyzing the fact why four such different states, besides mutually antagonistic, as India and Pakistan, should see the benefits in cooperation with SCO, and why SCO accepts them. Article analyzes the interests of SCO observer countries, as well as the importance of these countries for the SCO. Also is considered politics of China and Russia concerning observer countries.  Authors show that  prospects for expanding  of SCO are quite controversial and prove, that, currently, SCO is not ready to expand due to Iran, Mongolia, India and Pakistan, and come to conclusion, that in the near future expansion of the SCO will not happen, the problem of expanding the organization is still far from its decision.

[Serik Stambulov, Shotbakova Lyazzat, Zhabina Zhansaya, Gulnur Orazbekova. The main problems of Shanghai Cooperation Organization enlargement at the present stage. N Y Sci J 2025;18(9):56-60]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys180925.03

Key words: SCO; foreign policy; SCO observer-countries; security; regional security; economic cooperation; Central Asia; South-east Asia

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State-Space Modeling Based Model Predictive PMC Control Techniques of Wind Turbine Generators for Power System Studies

Hussain Bassi¹, and Youssef Mobarak^1,2* (^* Corresponding author)

¹Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Rabigh, King Abdul-Aziz University, Saudi Arabia hbassyi@kau.edu.sa

²Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt. ysoliman@kau.edu.sa

The research is financed by: This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under Grant no. (829-236-D1435). The authors, therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR's technical and financial support.

Abstract： Wind energy plays a major role in the operation of wind turbine generators. Advancement in technology particularly in regard to wind energy has transformed the wind turbines from fixed speed to variable speed generators. This paper introduces a more innovative version of the wind turbine which uses the Model Predictive Control MPC approach. The advanced wind turbine has its control actions replaced with a technologically advanced controller. The replacement is instrumental since it conserves power originating from the wind turbines. This in turn reduces the time it takes to calculate the amount of energy released. Similarly, the advanced controller is able to monitor the Maximum Power Tracking, MPT, whose main objective is to capture energy form the wind. The proposed technology also reduces the constraints of the two main functional parts of the wind turbine; the full load and partial load segments. The pitch angle for full load and the rotating force for the partial load have been fixed concurrently in order to balance power generation as well as reduce the operations of the pitch angle. The advanced wind turbine generator also uses the mathematical modeling using statespace approach and leads to an improvement between power limitation and power optimization.

[Hussain Bassi, and Youssef Mobarak. State-Space Modeling Based Model Predictive PMC Control Techniques of Wind Turbine Generators for Power System Studies. N Y Sci J 2025;18(9):61-75]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04. doi:10.7537/marsnys180925.04

Keywords—state-space; wind turbines; model predictive control; pitch control; power optimization

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