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Sustainable Soil Management: A Challenge for Sustainable Agriculture in Tropical Regions

Deborah Tofunmi Ogunjinmi, Precious Omoleye Omobusuyi, Tolulope Oluwatobiloba Idowu, Oluwaseyi Ayoola Ajayi, Tajudeen Bamidele Akinrinola and Saheed Olawale Abdulsalam

Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author: deborahogunjinmi6@gmail.com

Abstract: Sustainable soil management (SSM) is pivotal for advancing sustainable agriculture in tropical regions, where rapid soil degradation threatens food security and ecosystem stability. This review examines the multifaceted challenges posed by tropical environments, including high rainfall-induced erosion, nutrient leaching, acidification, and organic matter loss, exacerbated by practices like monocropping, deforestation, and intensive tillage. Drawing on interdisciplinary literature from soil science, agronomy, and ecology, we synthesize evidence on degradation causes—such as climate variability and anthropogenic pressures—and their socio-economic repercussions, like yield declines of 10-20% in Sub-Saharan Africa and economic losses exceeding USD 6 billion annually in Brazil. Key SSM practices, including conservation agriculture (no-till, crop rotation, cover cropping), biochar amendments, integrated nutrient management, precision technologies, and agroforestry, are evaluated for their efficacy. World data reveal yield boosts of 20-30% in Association of Southeast Asian Nations contexts (ASEAN), enhanced soil organic carbon sequestration (0.28-0.43 Gt C yr⁻¹ globally), and reduced erosion by up to 97%. However, barriers like resource constraints, policy gaps, and cultural resistance hinder adoption among smallholders. The review highlights context-specific strategies to overcome these, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and localized research. Ultimately, effective SSM not only mitigates degradation but fosters resilient systems that balance environmental health, economic viability, and social equity. By addressing tropical underrepresentation in studies, this work guides policymakers and practitioners toward innovative pathways for long-term agricultural sustainability, underscoring the urgency of adaptive management in vulnerable ecosystems.

[Ogunjinmi, DT, Omobusuyi, PO, Idowu, TO, Ajayi, OA, Akinrinola TB, & Abdulsalam SO. Sustainable Soil Management: A Challenge for Sustainable Agriculture in Tropical Regions. N Y Sci J 2025;18(10):1-8]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys181025.01

Keywords: tropical agriculture; soil degradation; conservation practices; agricultural resilience

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Mitigating fruit rot pathogens of pineapple with aqueous extracts of Datura stramonium, Zingiber officinale, Khaya grandifoliola, Hypis suaveolens and Calophyllum inophyllum

J. Y. Ijato^1*, A. Adewumi ¹, B.O. Ojo²

^1*Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Ekiti State University, P.M.B 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

³The Polytechnic, Ibadan, Department of Biology, P.M.B. 22, U.I. Post Office, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

*Correspondence author’s email: considerureternity@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: Antifungal effects of aqueous extracts of Hyptis suaveolens (Pignut), Khaya grandifoliola (large leave khaya), Zingiber officinale (Ginger), Calophyllum inophyllum (Mast wood) and Datura stramonium (Jimson weed), on the radial growth of fungal pathogens of pineapple fruit was investigated, varied concentrations of extracts from the different plant parts were tested against the rot organisms, the highest aqueous extract inhibitory effect of Zingiber officinale was on Aspergillus nidulans (26.00%) at 1.0g/mL while the least inhibitory effect was on Colletotrichum fruticola (22.00% ) at 1.0g/mL, the highest aqueous extract inhibition of Datura stramonium was  on Aspergillus niger (14.00%) at 1.0g/mL while the least inhibitory effect was (0.00%) on Aspergillus flavus and Colletotrichum fruticola at all concentrations, the highest aqueous extract inhibition of Calophyllum inophyllum was (15.00%) on Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus nidulans at 1.0g/mL while the least inhibitory effect was 12.00% on Aspergillus tubingensis at 1.0g/mL, the highest aqueous extract inhibition of Hyptis suaveolens was 18.00% on Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus fumigatus at 1.0g/mL while the least inhibitory effect was 10.00% on Aspergillus niger at 1.0g/mL, the highest aqueous extract inhibition of Khaya grandifoliola was 18.00% on Aspergillus flavus at 1.00g/mL while the least inhibitory effect was 10.00% on Aspergillus niger at 1.0g/mL, the fungitoxic potential of these plant extracts on rot inducing fungi of pineapple fruit is an indication of their use by farmers as alternative to commercial or synthetic fungicide that pose danger to our ecosystem and health. The effects of rot organisms on the proximate composition of the fruit were not significant on the nutrient level of the fruit.

[J. Y. Ijato, A. Adewumi, B.O. Ojo. Mitigating fruit rot pathogens of pineapple with aqueous extracts of Datura stramonium, Zingiber officinale, Khaya grandifoliola, Hypis suaveolens and Calophyllum inophyllum. N Y Sci J 2025;18(10):9-16]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys181025.02

Keywords: pineapple; fruit rot pathogens; proximate composition; plant extracts

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Weather  in North America in 2024

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract: The continent of North America, which has a globally textual history, is home to various climate change-induced natural disasters. 30 December - 3 January — Tropical Storm Alvaro kills nineteen people. January 10–13, 2024 North American blizzard — Followed very shortly after the previous storm with an identical track and affected the same areas, but brought blizzard conditions and very cold temperatures in its wake. This paper examines the early warning systems for all North America and suggests how to study such climate changes and natural disasters, suggesting ways to anticipate them. Geological hazards such as earthquakes can be studied by developing the Geoscope system, By developing the Monsoon Time Scales, metrological hazards such as heavy rains and floods and droughts and famines can be studied. Plans can be made accordingly. The study of Cosmology can explore the inextricable links between planetary movements and disasters and how the planets orbiting in space are affecting the disasters that occur on earth. So North American scientists can develop the Geoscope and Monsoon Time Scales as outlined below and protect people from climate changes and natural calamities.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Weather  in North America in 2024. N Y Sci J 2025;18(10):17-87]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys181025.03

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale (1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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