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Basics of Ghana Monsoon Time Scale : A review and revisit

Gangadhar

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  Monsoon means a periodic seasonal reversing winds patterns in atmospheric circulation accompanied by climate and weather changes according to the year-to-year changes of movement of the Earth on its axial tilt (obliquity) between approximately 22.1 and 24.5 degrees to its path and revolves around the Sun in accordance with the Milankovitch cycles. Therefore, not only the countries in the tropical and subtropical regions, but also those wind patterns blowing in the countries in the polar regions should be considered monsoons. I proposed and designed the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales for all global, regional, local monsoon systems along with every country of the world for unraveling the mysteries; studying the characteristics of dynamics mechanisms and exercising the benefits of mankind and development.  According to the researches and studies on the Monsoon Time Scales, it is come to know that there will be severe climate changes and natural calamities in the coming years "i.e"  heavy rains, floods and storms etc. will occur until about 2075 and there will be droughts and famines etc. until about 2150. Through the establishment of Monsoon Time Scales, we can know the future consequences of climate changes and natural calamities. Plans can be made accordingly. As a part of them, the Ghana Monsoon Time Scale was proposed and designed by me in 1991 to study climate changes and natural calamities in advance. I call on world scientists to establish the Ghana Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the Ghana  monsoon.    

[Gangadhar. Basics of Ghana Monsoon Time Scale : A review and revisit. N Y Sci J 2026;19(1):1-59]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 01. doi:10.7537/marsnys190126.01

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Geoscope systems (1980-87); Global Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Nature Cyclic Pattern Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope systems (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still) 

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) complete genome

Dr. Mark Herbert

World Development Institute

Main Street, Flushing, Queens, New York 11354, USA, ma708090@gmail.com

Abstract: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first known case was identified in December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. Symptoms of COVID-19 are variable, but often include fever, cough, headache, fatigue, breathing difficulties, and loss of smell and taste. Symptoms begin 1 - 14 days after exposure to the coronavirus. The standard diagnostic method is by detection of the virus' nucleic acid by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), transcription-mediated amplification (TMA), or by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) from a nasopharyngeal swab. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19). Upto 12/1/2021 in USA, Total Cases are 48,377,531, Total accines Administered are 460,773,508, Total Deaths 778,489 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html). Here gives the gives SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequenced by China in 1/13/2020, as a reference for readers (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MN908947.3).

[Mark Herbert. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) complete genome. N Y Sci J 2026;19(1):60-71]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 02. doi:10.7537/marsnys190126.02

Key words: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; genome; sequence; life; research; literature; cell

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Fertilisers for Enhanced Soil Fertility and Crop Production: A Review

Motunrayo A. Soladoye¹*, Tajudeen B. Akinrinola, ¹**, John O. Afolabi²

¹ Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

² Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, PMB 5054, Jericho Hill, Ibadan, Nigeria

*soladoyemotunrayo2023@gmail.com; **tb.akinrinola@gmail.com

Abstract: The escalating demand for food, driven by a growing global population, necessitates more intensive farming on limited arable land. Unfortunately, the appropriate approach to replenish the lost soil nutrients is overlooked, leading to a decline in natural fertility that hinders healthy crop growth. To address this issue and ensure sustainable yields, it is vital to enhance soil fertility through the strategic application of fertilisers that can boost agricultural productivity. Effective fertiliser use is crucial for enhancing food security and boosting rural incomes. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Nigeria, the adoption of inorganic fertilisers remains alarmingly low, with few smallholder farmers utilising them. This low adoption rate poses significant challenges to agricultural sustainability and productivity. The obstacles associated with inorganic fertilisers include high costs, a lack of knowledge, and cultural barriers. Conversely, while organic fertilisers can improve soil health, they often fall short in delivering the rapid nutrient boost needed for high-yield crops in nutrient-deficient soils. This review explores the advantages and disadvantages of both organic and inorganic fertilisers in enhancing soil fertility and increasing crop production. This review recognises that the success of fertiliser application in improving or maintaining crop yields is closely tied to effective weed management. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water, and light; therefore, managing them is critical to maximising any fertiliser strategy. A comprehensive approach that integrates both fertiliser and weed management is identified as a prerequisite for achieving sustainable crop productivity.

[Soladoye AM, Akinrinola, TB. Afolab JO. i. Fertilisers for Enhanced Soil Fertility and Crop Production: A Review. N Y Sci J 2026;19(1):72-84]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 03. doi:10.7537/marsnys190126.03

Keywords: Sustainable farming; fertilisers; weed management; smallholder farmers

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Assessment of knowledge, practice and factors associated with Brucellosis prevention among residence in Bati district, Oromiya Zone, Amhara state, Ethiopia

Hussein Mohammed (Msc in MPH), Teleko Girma (MPH)

^1. university of Gondar College of medicine and Department of public health and veterinary medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia p.o. Box: 196

² University of Gondar College of medicine and Department of Public Health and veterinary medicine, Gondar, Ethiopia p.o. Box: 196

Email: husienmoha660@gmail.com

SUMMARY: This study was done on residents of Bati district farmers from April to May 2018 to assess the knowledge and practice to prevention of the disease in the area of study. Cross-sectional study design and multistage sampling procedures were employed to select households for this study. The data were collected from785 households, using pretested and structured questionnaire. Data entry was done by using Epi info version 7 statistical software and SPSS version20 software were used for data analysis. Both Bivariable and multiple logistic regressions were fitted. P-value with 95％CI was used and p-value ＜ 0.05 were declared the significant association between knowledge and practice on brucellosis prevention and its associated factors. A total of 806 respondents were participated with a response rate of 97.4％ (785). Among those, 785 respondents 682(86.9％) of them were males. Moreover respondents those educated had 2.863 times more likely good knowledge of brucellosis prevention (AOR=2.863, 95%CI: 2.215-3.700) than those not educated. Respondents those that had shared homes with animals were 2.041 times less likely had good practice of brucellosis prevention (AOR=2.041, 95 %CI: 1.091-3.816) . 

[Hussein Mohammed (Msc in MPH), Teleko Girma (MPH). Assessment of knowledge, practice and factors associated with Brucellosis prevention among residence in Bati district, Oromiya Zone, Amhara state, Ethiopia. N Y Sci J 2026;19(1):85-91]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 04. doi:10.7537/marsnys190126.04

[Hussein Mohammed (Msc in MPH)_, Dr.Tadesse Guadu (MPH), Mr Malede Fentie (MPH), Teleko Girma(MPH)]

Keywords: Bati district; Ethiopia; Brucella; Knowledge; Practice; Associated factors.

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Universal Basic Income and Universal Free Basic Healthcare in New York State: Feasibility, Necessity, and Structural Policy Design

Ma Hongbao, PhD

Candidate for Governor of New York State, 2026

Ma for New York 2026

Queens, New York, USA

Phone: 718-404-5362; Email: mafornewyork@gmail.com; Website: http://www.maforny.com

Abstract: New York State faces persistent and interrelated structural challenges, including poverty, inequality, housing instability, healthcare gaps, labor insecurity, and rising governance costs. This paper argues that Universal Basic Income (UBI) combined with Universal Free Basic Healthcare Insurance constitutes a coherent and feasible structural reform capable of addressing these challenges at their root. Drawing on economic data, comparative policy analysis, and administrative efficiency studies, the paper demonstrates that New York already possesses the fiscal capacity, economic diversity, and institutional foundation required for implementation. The remaining barriers are primarily political and administrative rather than economic. The paper concludes that UBI and universal healthcare are not experimental or ideological proposals, but rational policy choices for a mature economy at an advanced stage of development.

[Ma Hongbao. Universal Basic Income and Universal Free Basic Healthcare in New York State: Feasibility, Necessity, and Structural Policy Design. N Y Sci J 2026;19(1):92-94]. ISSN 1554-0200 (print); ISSN 2375-723X (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork. 05. doi:10.7537/marsnys190126.05

Keywords: New York State; poverty; inequality; housing instability; healthcare gap; labor insecurity; governance cost; Universal Basic Income (UBI); Universal Free Basic Healthcare Insurance

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