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HYGIENE HANDLING PRACTICES, PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTING OF S. AURES ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT CRITICAL POINT OF BEEF SUPPLY CHAIN ON SLAUGHTER  PREMISE AND BUTCHER SHOP AT MENGE DISTRICT, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA

Amanuel Tadese and Asmamaw Aki*

*Assosa Regional Animal Health Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Cell phone +25190233029, P.B.O.X 326, asmamawaki@gmail.com

Assosa zone, Meng woreda  Agriculture office, Animal Health  Department

ABSTRACT: Across-sectional study was conducted on Assessment of hygienic handling practice, prevalence and antimicrobial sensitivity testing of S. aureus isolated from different critical point of beef supply chain in Abattoir and Butcher shop retail meat at Menge district, western Ethiopia from October 2024 to April 2025, with the objectives to isolate and identify S.aureus from critical control points of Abattoir and Butcher shops supply chain, to assess the public health significance associated with risk factors and to estimate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S.aureus isolates. A total of 384 samples were collected from Abattoir (N=240) and Butcher shop (N=144) processed bacteriologically and the isolate were tested with a number of biochemical tests for confirmation and identification of S. aureus. The study revealed that 34.11 % of the collected swab samples were predominant contaminants of S. aureus.  Higher (50%) S.aureus contaminates were reported in Butcher swab followed by (24.58%) abattoir samples, with butcher contaminants 1.06 times more likely harbor the S.aureus  infection (P<0.05).   In this study, there was in- significant association (p>0.05) among the age, body conditions, hygiene   and breed of the cattle with the isolates of S.aureus. In other way, meat handling practices, waste disposal practices, sample types, and S.aureus risk factors was significant (P<0.05).  Majority (100%) of drug resistance prevalence was reported in penicillin G, followed by (84.61%) Amoxicillin; 64.1% cefoxitin  and 56.41% sulphonamides. Whereas higher (100%) of drug susceptible was recorded in (ciprofloxacin), followed by 92.30% Gentamycin, 89.74% in (chloramphenicol); 50% kanamycin, 45% streptomycin, 40% vancomycin and 32.5% chloramphenicol. The presence and consumption of raw meat may constitute a public health hazard and reduced meat quality due to S. aureus. Thus health professionals should create awareness about meat handling practice, storage and  loading and unloading process to Abattoir owners, butchers’ and  to its value chain.  Therefore, regular resistance follow-up, using antimicrobials sensitivity tests helps to select effective antibiotics and reduce the problems of drug resistance developments towards commonly used antimicrobials. Besides this, there should be hygienic practices at each critical control points of beef supply chain, and sanitation during slaughtering operation, marketing and transportation of animals in Menge District.

[Amanuel Tadese and Asmamaw Aki. HYGIENE HANDLING PRACTICES, PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TESTING OF S. AURES ISOLATED FROM DIFFERENT CRITICAL POINT OF BEEF SUPPLY CHAIN ON SLAUGHTER  PREMISE AND BUTCHER SHOP AT MENGE DISTRICT, BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGIONAL STATE, WESTERN ETHIOPIA. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(4):1-17]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 01. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120426.01

Keywords:  Antimacirobial sensitivity; prevalence; menge and Meat sources; S. aureus

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REVIEW ON EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE

Hissa Dingeta, Abe  Reta, Abduljalil Umar

1.kondala Woreda Agriculture office ,Animal Health Expert, West Wollega Zone Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia

2.Modjo Municipal Abattor, Meat inispector Expert, East Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State.

3.wollega University School of Veterinary medicine

Corresponding Author: Hissa Dingeta  Email: hisadingeta2022@gmail.com, goone: 0910610299

SUMMARY: Lumpy skin disease (LSD) causes huge economic losses in the livestock industry. It is caused by Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which belongs to the family Poxviridae, with the Neethling strain the prototype. LSDV belongs to the genus Capri poxvirus that includes sheep pox virus and goat pox virus. LSD is an enzootic infectious, eruptive and seldom fatal disease of cattle characterised by nodules on the skin. Cattle and water buffalo are the only animal species affected, with high morbidity rate, but low mortality, however, death rates are higher among calves. LSD causes loss of milk and beef production, abortions in females and sterility in males. The original foci of LSD are from Zambia in 1929. LSD is considered as an endemic disease in the African continent. However, the disease has been moved beyond Africa in 1984. It is reported in Madagascar and some countries in the Arab Gulf Peninsula and Middle East. Recently, the disease is reported in LSD free countries (Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, Turkey, Iran and Iraq) with potential economic loss to the livestock industry. This review article intends to discuss the LSD in the light of the recent situation raises concerns the spreading of the disease in LSD free countries.

[Hissa Dingeta, Abe  Reta, Abduljalil Umar. REVIEW ON EPIDEMIOLOGY OF LUMPY SKIN DISEASE. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(4):18-31]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 02. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120426.02

Keywords: Lumpy skin disease; nodule; Poxviridae

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PREVALENCE, ECONOMIC IMPACT, PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANT AND COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON CYSTICERCUS BOVIS AT ASSOSA TOWN IN BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGION, ETHIOPIA

Asmamaw Aki,* and Ahmed Alhasen, Adisu Muleta

*Assosa, Regional Animal Health Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, P.O.BOX, 326, cellphone +251902330029, asmamawaki@gmail.com

Abstract:  Across sectional study was conducted between November 2024 to June 2025 to estimate the prevalence of Cysticercus bovis from abattoir survey and Taeniasis within the society found in and around Assosa town. Active abattoir survey and questionnaire survey were performed to accomplish the study. Of the total of 384 inspected cattle carcasses, 83 had varying number of C. bovis giving an overall prevalence of 21.61 % (83/ 384). Distribution of the cyst showed that highest proportions of C. bovis cyst were observed in shoulder (36.14%), heart (30.12%), tongue (15.66%), Lung (8.43%), masseter (6.02%), liver (3.61%). From the total of 83 cysts counted, 60.24% (50), 33.73% (28) and 6.02% (5) were small, medium, and large, respectively which was non -significantly associated (p>0.05).  Of 83 cysticercus bovis collected, sterility and viability testing, 43(51.80%) of them were fertile, and 40(46.98%) were non-fertile; out the fertile cysts, 17 (39.53%) were viable and 26 (60.46%) non-viable; again, among the non-fertile, 32(80%) sterile and 8 (20%) calcified (Table 4). Overall, 36% of human Taeniasis retrospective data was analyzed in Assosa General Hospital (2023-2025Years). Of the total 100 interviewed respondents who participated in this study, 40% (40/100) had contracted T. saginata infection. Proportion among different factors of respondents were analyzed and showed higher proportion in male (35.3%), >34 years (33.33%), and in those who consume raw meat (39.70%). No significant difference between most of the risk factors (sex, meat consumption habit, marital, and religion) (P>0.05). However, higher chance of getting taeniasis with illiterate (60%) was seen followed by college (51.42%), and high school (43.24%) showed with a slight significance difference (p<0.05). Therefore, the study revealed the presence of bovine cysticercosis, economic impact, and its public health hazards need increased knowledge, attitude and practices and awareness of the health impact of taeniasis (cysticercosis) and safeguard the community.

[Asmamaw Aki, and Ahmed Alhasen, Adisu Muleta. PREVALENCE, ECONOMIC IMPACT, PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANT AND COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON CYSTICERCUS BOVIS AT ASSOSA TOWN IN BENISHANGUL GUMUZ REGION, ETHIOPIA. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(4):32-48]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 03. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120426.03

Keywords: Assosa; Cysticercus bovis; economic impact; prevalence

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A Review On Swine Flu

Eyachew Ayana

Bahirdar Animal Health Investigation And Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O.Box 70, Bahirdar, Ethiopia

eyuelayana83@gmail.com

Abstract: Swine flu is a highly infectious emerging viral zoonosis of global significance caused by Influenza-A virus subtypes which belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and it ischaracterized by high morbidity rate and low mortality rate. It poses a significant health risk to humans ever since the first human and porcine outbreaks in the USA in 1918 which is believed to killed 50 million persons in the world. The geographical distribution of swine flu is worldwide and the disease is reported from North America, Asia, Europe, South America, Australia, and Africa. Out of the 198 countries affected by swine flu in the world (2009 - 2011) a total of 1,643,281 cases of H1N1 were reported with total deaths of 19,660 people. Swine have receptors for both avian and mammalian influenza viruses, and is uniquely important as a “mixing vessel” for genetic reassortment and evolution of influenza viruses. It is transmitted through direct contact, coughing, sneezing and contaminated fomite. Signs in humans include fever, coughing, sneezing runny nose, sore throat, headache, fatigue and sometimes diarrhea and vomiting. People who work with poultry and swine, especially those with intense exposures, like veterinarians, swine farmers and meat processing workers, are at increased risk of zoonotic infection with swine flu. Therefore, public health awareness creation by giving primary attention on mode of transmission of the disease and implementation of good bio-security system including quarantine to avoid contact among infected wild and domestic birds, pigs and humans should be applied to prevent the diseases efficiently.

[Eyachew Ayana. A Review On Swine Flu. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(4):49-61]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 04. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120426.04

Keywords: Emerging zonoosis; Pandemic disease; Swine; Swine flu

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REVIEW ON CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGIC STATUS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS

Ramadan Teshome  and Asmamaw Aki*

*Benishangul Gumuz region, Bureau of agriculture, Assosa Regional Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O.Box,  326, cellphone +251902330029, asmamawaki@gmail.com

SUMMARY : Bovine salmonellosis is one of the major food borne diseases in the world and is zoonotic infectious disease of humans and animals. This paper aimed at reviewing current epidemiological and public health aspects of bovine salmonellosis. It is caused by typhimurium and dublin species of Salmonella which are etiological agents of diarrhoeal and systemic infections in humans, most commonly as secondary contaminants of food originating from animals and the environment, Commonly, salmonellae are extensively found in the environment, farm wastes and human sewage and in any material subject to faecal contamination. These bacteria have developed mechanisms to survive and cope with the host inhibiting factors, but the normal inhibition of Salmonella is primarily disrupted in the rumen and small intestine when starvation or reduced feed intake occur,  the feeding strategy leads to an increased pH in the abomasum, and antibiotic treatment kills the normal competing micro flora of the intestine. The bacteria adhere to and invade intestinal cells in the mucosa mainly associated with the Peyer’s patches in the terminal jejunum and ileum through the columnar enterocytes and specialized microfold enterocytes (M cells). Currently the organism established a resistance to multi antibiotics which results in increasing failure of treatment and severity of infection. Therefore, awareness creation about public health importance of the infection, application of scientific based management strategies and basic hygiene practices is crucial to alleviate the risks of acquiring the infection.

[Ramadan Teshome  and Asmamaw Aki. REVIEW ON CURRENT EPIDEMIOLOGIC STATUS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE OF BOVINE SALMONELLOSIS. Biomedicine and Nursing 2026;12(4):62-72]. ISSN 2379-8211 (print); ISSN 2379-8203 (online). http://www.nbmedicine.org. 05. doi:10.7537/marsbnj120426.05

Keywords: Bovine; Foodborne; Human; Salmonella; Zoonosis

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