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REVIEW ON CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IN POULTRY: ITS RISK FACTORS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT IN ETHIOPIA

Kinfu Tato,  Hissa Dingeta,  Asmamaw Aki* and  Abe  Reta

Yamalogi Walal Woreda Veterinary epidemilogy Expert, Kellem Wollega Zone Oromia Regional State Western Ethiopia

kondala Woreda Agriculture office, Animal Health Team West Wollega Zone Oromia Regional State, Western Ethiopia

*Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Bureau of Agriculture, Regional Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, P.O. BOX, 326, asmamawaki@gmail.com

Mojo Town Meat inspector, East Shoa  Zone Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

SUMMARY: Campylobacter is a one of the major pathogens involved in food-borne illnesses and leading cause of gastrointestinal infections worldwide that colonizing all warm-blooded animals including poultry. The objectives of this review, were to overview the available documents and identify the risk factors of Campylobacteriosis of poultry in Ethiopia and to address its public health consequence. Campylobacters are small gram-negative, non-spore-forming, helical bacteria with a particular `darting' motility, and are catalase and oxidase positive. The transmission can occur through contaminated food (especially poultry meat), water, the environment, and contact with infected animals. It causes fever, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea with blood and leukocytes. In animals, horizontal transmission through ingestions of Campylobacter with contaminated water, feed, soil and fomites and cause enteritis, abortions are the usual route. The bacterial isolation and identification of Campylobacter is considered the gold standard for disease identification. Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin are the drugs of choice for the control of Campylobacter spp.in Ethiopia, its highly prevalent ranging from 8-13.7 in human, 9.4-72.7 in food animals and 13% in poultry. High prevalence of zoonotic Campylobacter species has been isolated from raw animal products. Therefore, consumption of raw meat, unpasteurized milk and untreated water should be avoided. Implementation of food safety management throughout the food chain requires systems based on well-established principles for effectively control. More surveillance in covering wider areas in collaboration with international organizations and stakeholders is highly recommended.

[Kinfu Tato,  Hissa Dingeta,  Asmamaw Aki and  Abe  Reta. REVIEW ON CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS IN POULTRY: ITS RISK FACTORS AND PUBLIC HEALTH IMPACT IN ETHIOPIA. Rep Opinion 2026;18(11):1-15]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 01. doi:10.7537/marsroj181126.01

Keywords: Campylobacter; Ethiopia; Food-borne illnesses; Poultry

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ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM ESTUARY FOR PRODUCTION OF NEW ANTIBIOTICS

M. A. Oyovwevotu

Department of Medical Microbiology Delta State University Teaching

Hospital Oghara.

Omorodion N. T

Department of Medical Laboratory Science University of Benin, Benin-City

*Corresponding author: abedoyo@yahoo.com Phone No. 08039117093.

ABSTRACT

Actinomycetes are Gram positive facultative-anaerobic fungus-like filamentous bacteria that are highly sought for by both Pharmaceutical and food processing industries due to their prolific production of antibiotics, biochemical and enzymes. Antibiotics can be sourced from different sources such as soil and medicinal herbs, but most researchers, targeted soil because most of the microorganisms live in soil. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterized, Actinomycetes from estuary for new antibiotics production. Ninety (90) soil samples were collected from different sites at depth of 5, 8 and 11 centimeters. Membrane filter technique by Ravi and Vasantha was employed and 2gm of soil samples were sprinkled on 0.45µm pore size membrane filter aseptically placed on surface of Starch Casein Agar (SCA), and incubated at 30^oC for two weeks.The isolates were identified on the basis of Cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization. API Oxioid Microbact reagent 12A and 12B containing 24 different reagents and sugars were used for biochemical characterization. The isolates were further characterized by genomic DNA using 16S rDNA sequencing technique and post sequencing activities were  carry out. BLAST was done and the assertion numbers were deposited in gene bank. Phylogenetic tree was also done. Thirty (30) Actinomyceycetes was isolated which belong to three families, Streptomyces 16(53.3%), Micromonospora 10(33.3%) and Nocardia 4(13.3%). And each of these species produces secondary metabolites that can be used to produce novel antibiotics.

[M. A. Oyovwevotu. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM ESTUARY FOR PRODUCTION OF NEW ANTIBIOTICS. Rep Opinion 2026;18(11):16-22]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 02. doi:10.7537/marsroj181126.02

Key words: Actinomycetes; Characterization; Genomics; Sequences; Metabolites; Antibiotics; Phylogenetic Tree

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Future Projections of Monsoon-Dependent Hospitality Sector in India : As “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” Looming Over the India

Gangadhar

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:    This is a matter of profound national urgency that must be brought immediately to the attention of the Indian governments, scientific institutions, administrative authorities, engineers, officers, farmers, and every citizen of the nation.. According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, India is now entering the “Heavy Rains and Floods Era,” a crucial climatic phase that has already begun to intensify and may reach catastrophic extremes around the year 2045 before slowly weakening by 2060. Beyond that point, from 2060 onward, the country may descend into a prolonged age of droughts and famines extending deep into the 2100s. As a result, rainfall patterns are already becoming increasingly severe and unstable across India. In the years ahead, there will be good rainfall in India along with devastating floods and extreme rainfall events may destroy countless human lives, homes, crops, ecosystems, and livelihoods, leaving behind immeasurable suffering and irreversible national loss. Heavy rains and floods may occur in some years, leading to immense loss of human lives, homes, crops, and livelihoods. However, this does not mean that heavy rains and floods occur in all years. There are more good rainfall years and fewer drought years. That is to say, in some years, in some regions, deficient rainfall or drought conditions may also occur.This paper presents future projections of monsoon-dependent Hospitality Sector, examining water availability, flood-related disasters, risk assessments, survival strategies, and long-term planning frameworks needed for humanity’s struggle against the coming climatic tragedies that lie ahead in India. Today, after sacrificing my life in the pursuit of science—as reflected in the brief biography and supporting records attached at the end—time slowly carried me toward a silent and tragic end. Casteism, untouchability, discrimination, neglect, poverty, and isolation pushed me into unbearable suffering and silent abandonment. I was cast aside, left unseen, unheard, and forgotten, thrown out into the worlds of no return. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, reduced LV compliance, and ventricular premature contractions are gradually destroying my body. I do not know how long I will live or when death will come. I may leave this world suddenly and silently, disappearing into darkness unknown to the world. And so, I leave this final appeal to the scientific community of the future: if humanity someday acquires the power to recreate or revive the minds lost to time, remember me—and remember all those who sacrificed their lives for science and human progress. Bring us back, so that we may witness your triumphs, stand beside your achievements, and finally see fulfilled the dreams we were never permitted to complete.

[Gangadhar. Future Projections of Monsoon-Dependent Hospitality Sector in India : As “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” Looming Over the India. Rep Opinion 2026;18(11):23-88]. ISSN 1553-9873 (print); ISSN 2375-7205 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/report. 03. doi:10.7537/marsroj181126.03

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