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Allomorphic Study of Gazania linearis Collected from Gilgit, Pakistan

 Romana Batool*, Reena Aqil, Iffat Zehra, Sania, Aiman Zahra, Sajida Amir, Sahiba Khatoon, Hina Ruby, Tika Khan

Department of Plant Sciences, Karakoram international University, Konodas, Gilgit, 15100

batoolromana5@gmail.com

Abstract: Morphometric and Allometric Analysis of the Ornamental Species Gazania linearis belonging to the family Asteraceae, Sampled in May 2024 from the Main Campus of Karakoram International University, Gilgit. Measurements and analyses of many morphological characteristics, including lengths and widths of sepals, petals, stamen, carpel, and leaves, are the main body of the study. To enhance the effectiveness of the outcome, simple, multiple, and regression analysis were also performed using the area of leaf as a dependent variable and length, width, and their combinations as independent variables. These studies are very essential for the conservation plan because they clearly elucidate how the environmental factors and morphological variations interact with one another. Where the cases of morphometry and allometry are concerned, which study the association between the size, shape, anatomy, and behavior of species, knowledge about plant growth pattern is important. It explains how the size and development of Gazania linearis gathered from various sites on the KIU main campus in Gilgit are related to each other. This study attempted to shed some light upon just how varied sections of the plant contribute towards the total growth and development of the plant through the examination of several growth indicators. The results show that the growth dynamics of Gazania linearis emphasize a strong relationship between leaves, the height, the width, and the floral region.

[Romana Batool, Reena Aqil, Iffat Zehra, Sania, Aiman Zahra, Sajida Amir, Sahiba Khatoon, Hina Ruby, Tika Khan. Allomorphic Study of Gazania linearis Collected from Gilgit, Pakistan. Researcher 2025;17(1):1-8]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.01 

Keywords:

Morphometric, Allometric, Gazania linearis, Flora, Ornamental, Gene Expression, Gilgit.

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Review Of Literature Machine Learning Approach For Detection Of Attacks In Wireless Sensor Networks

*Deepak Kumar Gupta  and **Dr. Praveen Kumar

*Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Professor, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email: deepakmtechcs@gmail.com

Abstract: This study provides a thorough examination of the important intersection of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) with machine learning (ML) for improving security. WSNs play critical roles in a wide range of applications, but their inherent constraints create unique security challenges. To address these problems, numerous ML algorithms have been used to improve WSN security, with a special emphasis on their advantages and disadvantages. Notable difficulties include localisation, coverage, anomaly detection, congestion control, and Quality of Service (QoS), emphasising the need for innovation. This study provides insights into the beneficial potential of ML in bolstering WSN security through a comprehensive review of existing experiments. This study emphasises the need to use ML’s potential while expertly resolving subtle nuances to preserve the integrity and dependability of WSNs in the increasingly interconnected environment.

[Gupta, D.K. and Kumar, P. REVIEW OF LITERATURE MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH FOR DETECTION OF ATTACKS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS. Researcher 2025;17(1):9-12]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.02

Keywords:  Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs); machine learning (ML); Quality of Service (QoS); Path Planning (PP); Sensor Node Deployment (SND)

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Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales : Formulation of Maritime Continental Monsoon Time Scale

Gangadhara Rao Irlapati

H.No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

E-mail: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Introduction:  According to the Milankovitch cycle, the angle of the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) regarding the orbital plane (the obliquity of the ecliptic) varies between 22.1° and 24.5°, over a cycle of about 41,000 years. The current tilt is 23.44°, roughly halfway between its extreme values. Milankovitch cycles are a series of periodic changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun that affect the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives, which in turn influences climate change. This tilt does not remain constant at 23.44°.  It oscillates up and down and slowly moves to 24.5°. The oscillation of up and down will be about 85 years, according to the Monsoon Time Scales. That is, about 60 years up, 25 years down, in total oscillating once every about 85 years. When it moves up to 22.1°, droughts and famines occur, and when it moves up to 24.5°, heavy rains and floods occur. Oscillating in this way, it slowly moves forward. All this can be clearly observed in the Monsoon Time Scales. If this is true, then we are close to reaching 24.5°, So, are there going to be more climate changes in the coming centuries? What are the Milankovitch Cycles?  What is their importance in the study of climate changes? How they determine the scientific accuracy of Global Monsoon Time Scales?  What is the relationship between Milankovitch cycles and Global Monsoon Time Scales? What are the new things that can be learned by Global Monsoon Time Scales? What is the need to establish the Maricontinental Monsoon Time Scale to unravel the mysteries of the Maricontinental Monsoon?  Let's discuss in this paper. I call on world scientists to establish the Maricontinental Monsoon Time Scale  following the Basics of Monsoon Time Scales outlined below, based on the India Monsoon Time Scale which is successfully proved out in practice and  break down the mysteries of the Maricontinental monsoon.

[Gangadhara Rao Irlapati. Researcher. Milankovitch cycles — Basics of Monsoon Time Scales: Formulation of Maritime Continental Monsoon Time Scale. 2025;17(1):13-68]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.03

Keywords: Bioforecast (1965-70); A New Hypothetical Model of Cosmology (1970-77); Inquisition (1977-79); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Indian Monsoon Time Scale(1991); Researches on Earth and space related issues (1991-2000); Numerical Weather Periodic Tables (2000-10); Designs of Geoscope projects (2010-20); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2020-)

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Construction and practice of training system for innovative talents in media language pronunciation based on goal-oriented + action learning

------ Take the course "The art of broadcasting and hosting" as an example

XIE Qi ¹, YUAN Fei ²

(1. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang Harbin; 2. People's Bank of China, China.)

Abstract: Media language and speech technology education plays an important role in improving the information communication and language expression ability of college students of science and engineering. This paper aims to explore effective teaching models to promote learning in this field. Through a combination of theoretical research and teaching practice, we found that for non-professional students, using two to three times a week, about two and a half hours of teaching each time, each class size is controlled to 10 to 13 students, can achieve rapid introduction and significant results. This teaching method can enhance the standardization of language, improve the accuracy of information exchange and the beauty of speech, so as to help improve the scientific research expression and science and technology popularization ability of science and engineering students. The practical case analysis further proves the effectiveness of this method, which stimulates students' learning enthusiasm and self-confidence. In the future, we look forward to further optimizing our teaching strategies to meet the needs of students from different backgrounds and promote the widespread use of media language speech technology in science and engineering education. This study not only enriches the theory of language teaching, but also provides an empirical basis for the reform of language education in science and engineering colleges.

[XIE Qi, YUAN Fei. Construction and practice of training system for innovative talents in media language pronunciation based on goal-oriented + action learning ------ Take the course "The art of broadcasting and hosting" as an example. Researcher 2025;17(1):69-73]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 04. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.03

Keywords: Media language; Voice technology; Teaching practice; College students of science and engineering; Information exchange; Language expression

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The Prevalence Of Caprine Trypanosomosis In The Abrahamo  Woreda

Asmamaw Aki

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box 326, Assosa, Ethiopia; asmamawaki@gmail.com, phone: +251- 902330029

Abstract:  A cross-sectional study was conducted  in Abrahamo Districts of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia from September 2024 to February, 2025 to determine Caprine trypanosomosis prevalence, prevailing trypanosomes species, and associated risk factors.   Blood samples collected from (n= 384) randomly sampled caprine. Dark phase contrast buffy coat procedures were used for determining prevalence. Whereas, haematocrit method was used for packed cell volume (PCV) values determination.  Out of total 384 samples, 77/384 (20.05%) were found trypanosome positive.  Based on Predominant trypanosome species among recorded were Trypanosome congolense 76.25%, Trypanosome vivax 12.5%, Trypanosome brucei 7.5% and mixed infection 3.75%.  There were statistically significant differences concerning existing trypanosome species (P< 0.05).  Mean packed cell volume (PCV) value of the parasitic animals was lower (19.06%) than a parasitic animals (26.01%) and the variation was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Sex groups, study sites,  and age categories (P> 0.05) were demonstrated non-significant risk factors, however; body conditions, pcv status and trypanosome species  were found significant(p<0.05). In conclusion, the current study showed high trypanosomosis prevalence in the area reflecting the need for strategic control measures.

[Asmamaw Aki. The Prevalence Of Caprine Trypanosomosis In The Abrahamo  Woreda. Researcher 2025;17(1):74-82]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 05. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.05

Key words:  Abrahamo;  caprine;  Trypanosomosis;  prevalence; Risk factors

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The Most Important Aspects Of Pedagogical Technology And Creativity For The Professional Growth Of Teachers

Boymirzaev Khurshidjon Karimjanovich

Namangan State University, Namangan, 160119, Uzbekistan

E-mail. boymirzayevhurshidjon@gmail.com 

Abstract: The article discusses the essence of pedagogical technologies aimed at the professional growth of teachers, features of creative pedagogy and achievements in science, creative pedagogue, creative student. After all, in creative pedagogy classes, we can cite the following as the main factors that shape students' creative thinking and worldview: interactive educational methods, ICT tools, use of new forms and methods of teaching, trainings that shape creative thinking, pedagogical technologies.

[Boymirzaev Khurshidjon Karimjanovich. The Most Important Aspects Of Pedagogical Technology And Creativity For The Professional Growth Of Teachers. Researcher 2025;17(1):83-86]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 06. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.06

Key words: Teacher, profession, pedagogical technology, information and communication, interactive methods, educational model, education, creativity, creative pedagogue, creativity, modern pedagogical technologies, interactive educational technologies, creative death student

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A Review On Prevalence Of Bovine Trypanosomosis And Tsetse Fly Density In Different Regions Of Ethiopia

Asmamaw Aki * and Birhanu Eticha

Assosa, Regional Veterinary Diagnostic, Surveillance, Monitoring and Study Laboratory, P.O. Box: 326, Asossa, Ethiopia. Email: asmamawaki@gmail.com, Telephone; +251 902330029

ABSTRACT: Background: Ethiopia is known for its large and diverse livestock resource endowments and Bovine Trypanosomosis has long been recognized as a massive constraint on animal husbandry, livestock production and mixed farming in vast areas of rural sub-Saharan Africa.  In Ethiopia, trypanosomosis is widespread in domestic livestock in the Western, South and Southwestern lowland regions and the associated river systems. The tsetse flies in Ethiopia are confined to the southern and western regions. Out of nine region of Ethiopia, five (Amhara area, Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, Oromia and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples‟ Regional State) are infected with more than one species of tsetse flies and there are five species of tsetse flies in those mentioned regions. Method and Results: For this systematic review more than 56 published paper from 2011-2023 were reviewed in five regions of tsetse fly infested areas, namely: Amhara, Oromia, SNNPRs, Benishamgul Gumuz (BG) and Gambella regions. Consistently, overall prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis in five regions of Ethiopia revealed that 7.01%, 8.84%, 7.22%, 12.44% and 16.9% in Amhara, Oromia, SNNPRs, Benishangul Gumuz and Gambella, respectively. Besides this, this review indicated that high infestation of tsetse fly was in Oromia region by four species, namely Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina fuscipes and Glossina tachinoides followed by Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, G. pallidipes, G. fuscipes in BG; G.m.submorsitans and G. tachinoides were reported in Amhara region. Glossina pallidipes, and Gossina fuscipes in SNNPRS.  Relatively, with the lowest f/t/d Glossina pallidipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina fuscipes, and Glossina tachinoides were reported in Gambella.  93.96 f/t/d, 46.43 f/t/d, 39.34 f/t/d, 18.4 f/t/d and 7.31f/t/d of apparent tsetse fly density per trap per day were reported in BG, Oromia, SNNPRS, Amhara and Gambella region respectively. Conclusion: The review showed that there was a significant variation in prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and Tsetse fly density in five regions. And there are high-risk factors that predispose the community to Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to the presence of trypanosome brucei rhodesiense and many animal reservoirs. The transmissions of Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are related to environmental, vector, and human factors. Therefore, Strategic Bovine, Human trypanosomosis and tsetse fly control and prevention methods should be implemented in tsetse fly infested region of the country in order to increase the animal husbandry, production, productivity and  safeguard draft power as well as  health aspect.

[Asmamaw Aki and Birhanu Eticha. A Review On Prevalence Of Bovine Trypanosomosis And Tsetse Fly Density In Different Regions Of Ethiopia. Researcher 2025;17(1):87-103]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 07. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170125.07

Keywords: Animal, Ethiopia; Prevalence; Trypanosomosis; Trypanosoma brucie rhodesiense; Human

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