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Effect Of Decortication On Quality Of Yellow And White Maize For Tuwo Production

Sunmonu¹, B.A., Salihu¹, A.O., Akinsola², O.O., Ogundele¹, G.F., Taiwooshin³, M.A. & Akinsola³, A.O.

¹Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara state, Nigeria.

²Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria

³Department of Home Economics, Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Corresponding author: akinsola4gold@gmail.com

Abstract: The study examined effect of decortications on quality of yellow maize and white maize for “tuwo” production was investigated. Tuwo flour from decorticated and undecorticated white and yellow maize were made and coded as sample DWF (decorticated white maize flour), UWF (undecorticated white maize flour), DYF (decorticated yellow maize flour) and sample UYF (undecorticated yellow  maize flour). The flour samples were analyzed for carbohydrate, functional properties and beta carotene while sensory evaluation was determined on the tuwo meal produced. Data analysis was carried out using standard established procedures. Results shows that functional properties revealed that bulk density ranged from 0.51-0.70 g/g, water absorption capacity (6.96-7.94 g/g), oil absorption capacity (7.70-8.93 g/g), emulsion capacity (42.38-54.95 %), emulsion stability (43.19-48.53 %), foam capacity (8.82-14.21 %), swelling capacity (1.94-2.25 g/g), swelling index (1.31-1.45 g/g), dispersibility (58.00-73.00 %) and gelatinization temp (62.00-72.00 ^oC). Carbohydrate values ranged from 73.66-79.10 %, total starch (55.49-67.43 %), amylase (13.48-21.44 %) and β-carotene (7.12-8.40 ug/g). Sensory evaluation shows that all the samples were acceptable by the semi-trained panelists. The study results revealed significant changes and differences in the functional, carbohydrate characteristics and β-carotene of tuwo from the maize varieties.

[Sunmonu, B.A., Salihu, A.O., Akinsola, O.O., Ogundele, G.F., Taiwooshin, M.A. & Akinsola, A.O. Effect Of Decortication On Quality Of Yellow And White Maize For Tuwo Production. Researcher 2025;17(4):1-8]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 01. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170425.01

Keywords: β-carotene; decortication; functional property; sensory evaluation; “tuwo”; undecortication

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Comparative Effects Of Poultry Droppings And Cowdung Rates On The Growth And Yield Of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) In Wukari, Southern Guinea Savannah

Adashu Tanko Gani^1*, Aondoawase Zechariah Richard¹ and Tanko Bako²

1, Department of Soil Science and Land Resource Management, Federal University, Wukari, Nigeria

2, Department of Agricultural and Bio-Resources Engineering, Taraba State University, Jalingo, Nigeria

Email: adashutanko@yahoo.com Tel: +234 8034795399

 Abstract: A field study was conducted at Federal University Wukari Teaching and Research Farm during the 2022 cropping season to investigate the effects of poultry droppings and cow dung on the growth and yield of sweet pepper in Wukari. The randomized complete block design was adopted for the experiment and replicated thrice, on a 3 m × 2 m plot. The treatments consist of different rates of cow dung and poultry droppings of 5 tons/ha, 10 tons/ha and 15 tons/ha, which were compared to the untreated control samples. The growth parameters were measured at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after transplanting while the yield parameters were taken at maturity. Results showed that using both cow dung and poultry droppings significantly increased the growth parameters of sweet pepper compared to the control. At six (6) weeks after transplanting, the highest growth parameters were obtained in the 15 tons/ha poultry droppings treatment with 101.1±1.31 leaves, 33.4±2.20 cm plant height, 2.8±0.15 cm stem girth, 21.3±3.69 secondary branches, 32.8±4.18 flower pods and 20.1±5.32 cm² leaf area. The yield of sweet pepper also significantly increased using of both poultry droppings and cow dung. The mean number of fruits per plant was highest in the 15 tons/ha poultry droppings treatment (21.9±2.76) and lowest in the control - no treatment (6.7±1.28), the mean yield per plant was highest in the 15 tons/ha poultry droppings treatment (3.32±0.22 kg), and lowest in the control - no treatment (0.78±0.02 kg) and the mean yield per plot was highest in the 15 tons/ha poultry droppings treatment (38.75±2.18 kg) and lowest in the control - no treatment (8.76±1.21 kg). These findings revealed that applying poultry droppings at the rate of 15 tons/ha or more will enhance the growth and yield of sweet pepper significantly and might be viable alternative to chemical fertilizers.

[Adashu Tanko Gani, Aondoawase Zechariah Richard¹ and Tanko Bako. Comparative Effects Of Poultry Droppings And Cowdung Rates On The Growth And Yield Of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum Annuum) In Wukari, Southern Guinea Savannah. Researcher 2025;17(4):9-19]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 02. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170425.02

Keywords: Sweet Pepper; Cow Dung; Poultry Droppings; Application

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Study on Buddhism and Swami Vivekananda’s Thought for the West

*Km Pooja Singh and **Dr. Binod Prasad Karan

*Research Scholar, Department of Philosophy, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

**Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy, SunRise University, Alwar, Rajasthan (India)

Email:mishrapooja1187@gmail.com

Abstract: Swami Vivekananda declared Buddha had a message for the East, he himself was born for the West. I can here deal with the subject only partially. Readers of Swamiji’s works will very often come across one idea that he puts, not only before the West but all humanity, and it is that man is divine. Man has been conceived of in various ways. Some would go to the extent of saying that man is a sinner. There is evil in the world and that cannot be denied. And anyone living in the world is willy-nilly breeding it into himself and herself. During one of Swamiji’s talks, somebody remarked that Adam had committed the original sin and from him man has inherited it and hence he is a sinner. Swamiji replied, if Adam fell he fell from goodness. He was good before and he became a sinner later on. So, basically human beings are all good.

[Singh, K.M. and Karan, B.P. Study on Buddhism and Swami Vivekananda’s Thought for the West. Researcher 2025;17(4):20-27]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 03. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170425.03

Keywords: Thought; SWAMI VIVEKANANDA; PHILOSOPHY; BUDDHISM

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Significance of Study of Local Seasonal Winds in Design and Study of Oceania Monsoon Time Scales of the Oceania continent

Gangadhar

8. No.5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad - 500 055, Telangana,  India.

Email: gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  Monsoon means a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by its corresponding weather changes and natural calamaties in precipitation. Seasonal local winds are crucial in the study of monsoons or climate conditions. Local winds in the Oceania continent should be thoroughly studied and the monsoon time scales of the Oceania continent researched accordingly. The continent of Oceania, which has a globally textual history, is home to various climate change-induced natural disasters. This article examines the early warning systems for Oceania and suggests how to study such climate changes and natural disasters, suggesting ways to anticipate them. Geological hazards such as earthquakes can be studied by developing the Geoscope system, By developing the Monsoon Time Scales, metrological hazards such as heavy rains and floods and droughts and famines can be studied. Plans can be made accordingly. The study of Cosmology can explore the inextricable links between planetary movements and disasters and how the planets orbiting in space are affecting the disasters that occur on earth. In this paper, we discuss the need to study winds in Oceania based on their monsoon time scales. So Oceania scientists can develop the Geoscope Monsoon Time Scales as outlined below and protect people from climate changes and natural calamities.

[Gangadhar. Significance of Study of Local Seasonal Winds in Design and Study of Oceania Monsoon Time Scales of the Oceania continent. Researcher 2025;17(4):28-103]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print); ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 04. doi:10.7537/marsrsj170425.04

Keywords: Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope(2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still)

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