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Serological Evidence of Past Infections of Zika Virus among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria

¹Nwachukwu, D., ¹Chukwu, A. O., ²Okonko, B. J., ¹Okerentugba, P. O. & ¹Okonko, I. O.

¹Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria.

²Medical Microbiology & Epidemiology Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, Madonna University Nigeria, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria

Corresponding author’s email address: David_nwachukwu@uniport.edu.ng

ABSTRACT: Pregnant women constitute a significant demographic greatly impacted by the Zika virus, posing a substantial public health challenge necessitating prompt and thorough investigation. The focus of this research is to ascertain the serological epidemiology of the Zika virus specifically among pregnant women in Rivers state, Nigeria. To achieve this, plasma samples from 93 confirmed pregnant women receiving care at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Rivers State were analyzed for the presence of antibodies targeting the Zika Virus utilizing an IgG ELISA assay. The findings revealed an overall prevalence rate of 63.4% (59 out of 93) in terms of ZIKV IgG-specific antibodies. Notably, the study highlighted the highest seropositivity rates among individuals aged 0-26 years (70.0%), civil servants (87.9%), single participants (71.0%), those with a primary educational background (80.0%) and  those in their second trimester (45.0%). This underscores the importance of targeted interventions and heightened awareness campaigns, particularly within these demographics, to mitigate the impact of the Zika virus. Expanding on these results, it becomes evident that specific demographic factors play a crucial role in the prevalence of Zika virus antibodies. For instance, the high seropositivity rate among civil servants could be attributed to potential occupational exposures, while the prevalence among younger participants might indicate greater susceptibility or exposure in certain age groups. Moreover, the elevated prevalence among individuals with primary education underscores the importance of tailored educational initiatives to enhance awareness and prevention strategies. In conclusion, these findings shed light on the intricate dynamics of Zika virus prevalence among pregnant women in Rivers State, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions and further research to effectively combat this pressing issue.

[Nwachukwu, D., Chukwu, A. O., Okonko, B. J., Okerentugba, P. O. and Okonko, I. O. Serological Evidence of Past Infections of Zika Virus among Pregnant Women Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Rivers State, Nigeria. Cancer Biology. 2026;16(3):1-6]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 01. doi:10.7537/marscbj160326.01

Keywords: Antibodies; IgG; Zika Virus; Rivers State.

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Serological Evidence of HBV Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Features of HIV-Infected Individuals attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH) in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

Igweze-Ezepue, N. E., Cookey, T. I.  and Okonko, I. O.

Virus & Genomics Research Unit, Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

nkiruezepue@gmail.com

Abstract: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant public health concern among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as coinfection accelerates liver disease progression and complicates treatment outcomes. This study assessed the prevalence of HBV and its socio-demographic distribution among HIV-infected individuals attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH), Port Harcourt, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 88 HIV-positive adults receiving care at the ART clinic. Socio-demographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and blood samples were analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the Monolisa ELISA kit (Bio-Rad, France). Results: HBV/HIV coinfection was identified in 3 participants (3.4%). Infection was detected among individuals aged 21–40 years (4.6%) and 41–60 years (3.0%), with higher prevalence in females (3.9%) compared to males (2.8%). HBV was slightly more common among singles (4.4%), participants with no formal education (7.7%), and the employed group (6.1%). By religion, HBV infection occurred only among Christian participants (3.9%), with no cases among other religious affiliations. HBV prevalence among HIV-infected individuals at RSUTH is relatively low but varies across socio-demographic groups. The findings highlight the need for routine HBV screening, targeted health education, and vaccination programs within HIV care services to reduce liver-related morbidity and optimize patient outcomes.

[Igweze-Ezepue, N. E., Cookey, T. I. and Okonko, I. O. Serological Evidence of HBV Prevalence and Socio-Demographic Features of HIV-Infected Individuals attending Rivers State University Teaching Hospital in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. Cancer Biology. 2026;16(3):7-12]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 02. doi:10.7537/marscbj160326.02

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus; HIV; coinfection; prevalence; socio-demographic factors; Nigeria; ELISA

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细胞凋亡与观控相对界

----人工智能研究细胞凋亡

科孝文

摘要：用人工智能研究细胞凋亡，存在观控相对界，这是一种生命的标准线、偏离这条标准线，或小或大都有不正常成分; 而对偏离这种“观控相对界”的或小或大的观察，就有过程，也有观察与控制的相对性。

[科孝文. 细胞凋亡与观控相对界----人工智能研究细胞凋亡. Cancer Biology. 2026;16(3):13-19]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 03. doi:10.7537/marscbj160326.03

关键词：细胞凋亡; 观控相对界; 通道; 癌症; 人工智能

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PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN MULE AND HORSE IN AND AROUND INJIBARA

Marie Teshager Tsehay¹, Banchgizie Fetene Aklilu¹ and Hana mulu sewagegn²

¹ Banja woreda Livestock and Fisheries Office, Animal health Department

Gmail: teshagermarie@gmail.com

ABSTRACT: A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2024 to April 2025 in and around Injibara town to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GIT) parasites in mules and horses. A total of 324 equines (110 mule and 214 horses) were randomly selected and examined during the study period. Qualitative parasitological techniques like floatation and sedimentation were deployed to confirm eggs of nematode and trematode respectively. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in equine was 72.22% in the study site. The species wise prevalence gastrointestinal parasites in horses and mule were 59.8% and 40.2% respectively. Among gastrointestinal parasite eggs identified Strongly type egg (20.51%) was the predominant followed by Ascariss pp.(12.8%) Parascaris spp (3.42%), and relative prevalence of Fasciolosis was 5.13%. In mixed infection strongly and Ascaris. Were the common identified species with relative prevalence of 40.17%; 17.09% in two and three mixed parasite infection respectively. However, Trichuris spp. (0.85%) was the least recovered from Equine fecal sample of the study area. Majority of the hypothesized risk factors such as species, sex, and age were found to be statistically significant with (P<0.05). However, according to this data body condition score was found to be statistically insignificant with (P>0.05). Thus, the present study revealed that gastro-intestinal helminthes are among the major health problem of horse and donkey in the area. Finally, Strategic de worming using broad spectrum anthelmintic drugs and rotational grazing program implementation were recommended.

[Marie Teshager Tsehay, Banchgizie Fetene Aklilu and Hana mulu sewagegn. PREVALENCE OF GASTROINTESTINAL HELMINTHES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN MULE AND HORSE IN AND AROUND INJIBARA. Cancer Biology. 2026;16(3):20-27]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 04. doi:10.7537/marscbj160326.04

Key words: Gastrointestinal helminthes; mules and horse; prevalence

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Degradation of Azo-dye (Disperse Red) Using Rhizosphere Bacterial Consortium

Aigere Sandra Patrick ¹, and Ogbugbue Chimezie Jason ²

Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Choba, Rivers State. Nigeria.

¹email: aigeresandra@yahoo.com

Abstract: This study investigates the degradation of the azo dye (Disperse Red) using a rhizosphere bacterial consortium. Standard microbiological and molecular techniques were employed to isolate and identify organisms from rhizosphere soil. Degradation of azodye was carried out in a fabricated anoxic and oxic chambers with hydraulic retention time of 40hrs. Initial identification of the bacterial isolates through Gram’s reaction and biochemical tests revealed the presence of organisms belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Lysinibacillus, and Citrobacter. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the isolates as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Pseudomonas chengduensis, and Citrobacter freundii. During the preliminary testing, the degradation efficiency was assessed under varying glucose concentrations. Higher decolorization rate of 56.17% was observed in the medium with 10% glucose after 72 hours, while the medium with 5% glucose achieved a 44.17% colour reduction. Notably, lower degradation rates recorded were 11.96% and 12.85% for the 5% and 10% dye enhance glucose mineral salt media, respectively. However, During the actual degradation testing in a double-chamber system enhanced with biochar, the first anaerobic cycle achieved a maximum decolorization of 71.95% after 94 hours, with the first aerobic cycle further enhancing degradation to 90.51%. The second anaerobic cycle increased degradation to 94.78%, and the final aerobic cycle achieved a decolorization of 98.47%. These results show that the rate of Disperse Red degradation is highly dependent on glucose levels and alternating anaerobic-aerobic conditions. This study demonstrates the potential of using rhizosphere bacterial consortia to bioremediate wastewater contaminated with azo dyes, offering an efficient and sustainable method of environmental management. The results underline the need of optimizing ambient conditions to increase microbial degradation processes.

[Aigere Sandra Patrick, and Ogbugbue Chimezie Jason. Degradation of Azo-dye (Disperse Red) Using Rhizosphere Bacterial Consortium. Cancer Biology. 2026;16(3):28-36]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 05. doi:10.7537/marscbj160326.05

Keywords: Azo-Dye; Disperse Red

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India is currently entering the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” : Assessing its impacts & strategies on the health and public sector

Gangadhar

H. No. 5-30-4/1, Saibabanagar, Jeedimetla, Hyderabad, India-500055

Email:  gangadhar19582058@gmail.com

Abstract:  What is the future of India's monsoonal climate changes and natural calamities going to be like in the coming years and decades?  Here is an important point to bring to the notice of Indian governments, scientists, engineers, officers, farmers, people, and various sectors, schemes, and plans, just like the present subject, the public health and allied sectors, to be aware of one thing.  According to the Indian Monsoon Time Scale, invented by me, India is currently rapidly entering the throes  of the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era.” As a result, India is going to be plagued by heavy rains and floods until around 2070. These conditions now rose and peaked around 2045 and then began to subside by 2070. However, this does not mean that floods occur in all years. There are more flood years and fewer drought years. I have conducted extensive studies on all aspects of the monsoonal climate changes that are going to occur in the coming years and decades and the catastrophic situations that will arise in the broader sectors, plans, schemes, etc. just like the present  public health and allied sectors due to these monsoonal climate changes that are likely to occur in the coming seasons, and based on these studies, I have made some suggestions regarding the preventive strategies that need to be adopted in accordance with those circumstances. Therefore, if there are any useful aspects in these proposals, the public health and allied sectors can take them into consideration and implement them more effectively.

[Gangadhar. India is currently entering the “Heavy Rains & Floods Era” : Assessing its impacts & strategies on the health and public sector. Cancer Biology. 2026;16(3):37-182]. ISSN: 2150-1041 (print); ISSN: 2150-105X (online). http://www.cancerbio.net 06. doi:10.7537/marscbj160326.06

Keywords:  Ecological Forecasting Time Scales (1965-70); A New Model of Cosmology (1970-80); Basics of Geoscope (1980-87); Basics of Monsoon Time Scales (1987-91); Astro-Climatic Numerical Periodic Tables (1991-2000); Designs of Geoscope (2000-2015); Designs of Global Monsoon Time Scales (2015-still) 

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